Phase Change of Low Grade Iron Ore during Sintering and Reduction with Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch | Chapter 3 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 2

The iron and steel industry is one of the largest contributors to global emissions of carbon dioxide, especially in the sintering process. Biomass has been widely suggested as an alternative, safer and sustainable fuel in order to reduce pollutant emissions from the iron and steel industry. It is beneficial to replace coke with biochar in iron sintering, as this method provides a large amount of greenhouse gases. In this work, coke was substituted as an alternative fuel in the sintering of iron ore with biochar derived from the oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). Biochar was developed at a heating rate of 10 °C/min from the EFB at 450 °C and kept for 30 minutes. Sinter was first prepared as the binding agent in a ceramic bowl by combining iron ore, biochar, and limestone with water to create a green sample with different ratios of biochar and iron ore with fixed 1% limestone. In terms of ability to extract the oxygen, the sinter was tested. The highest reducibility for sinter containing 5 percent of biochar content is apparently 77.77 percent. The phase change implied that the sinter could be reduced to metallic iron at a high temperature (1150 °C). The use of EFB biochar as an energy source for sintering Malaysian iron ore is feasible to generate metallic iron for the process of iron making. Thus, when the process is implemented industrially, by removing a portion of coke as an energy source, it can minimize CO2 emissions in the iron steel market.

Author (s) Details

Hadi Purwanto
International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia.

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