Context: The use of floral morphology to discriminate against Paphiopedilum species has been used effectively and frequently because of the distinct characteristics of their reproductive parts. The definition of flower morphology and structure is also the subject of most classification references. Nevertheless, since unauthorised trade plants are often at non-flowered or plantlet levels, species protection faces great problems. Molecular methods were applied and highly accurate results were obtained, but expended time and were unable to rate 100% resolution over the genus. Powerful support for other identifying methods and a remarkable contribution to the detection and prevention of illegal sales of Paphiopedilum would therefore be a simple identification using only vegetative characteristics. Objectives: In this review, we aimed to explain in detail the leaf characteristics of Paphiopedilum species in Vietnam that serve to differentiate quickly and easily without flower or laboratory techniques.
Study Design: Observed variables were saved and arranged using Microsoft Excel 2010 based on qualitative features of leaf form, colour, vein function, thickness, durability and quantitative features of leaf size. Methodology: In order to analyse the leaf morphology of nineteen species and two variants belonging to the Vietnamese population of Paphiopedilum, we analysed the leaf morphology of nineteen species and two variants in an orderly manner from parameters that are easiest to realise to the less clear characteristics for the most effective recognition, even to the non-botanist. Results: Using leaf morphology, 16 out of 20 species were described. When integrating morphological and molecular methods without the presence of their flowers, this figure was up to 100 percent. For the first time, an artificial key to the genus Paphiopedilum was established using vegetative data. Conclusion: For the identification of Paphiopedilum species, leaf morphology can be effectively used as the first step. Our studies have provided useful tools in serious or combined with molecular techniques in Our findings have provided useful tools for extreme or mixed molecular methods in biodiversity management and commercial management of these important organisms. This study will allow researchers to discover important areas of vegetative morphology that have not been listed by many researchers. A new artificial main theory may have practical use for endangered Paphiopedilum species in trade regulation.
Author (s) Details
Huyen-Trang Vu
Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
My-Huyen Bui
Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
Quoc-Luan Vu
Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Lam Dong Province 670000, Vietnam.
Thanh-Diem Nguyen
Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
Hop Tran
University of Natural Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
Huu-Trung Khuat
Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
Ly Le
Faculty of Biotechnology, International University – Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
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