Hypertension is the leading risk factor contributing to the
global burden of all-cause morbidity and mortality. Account for 9.4 million
deaths per year and result in 212 million disability-adjusted life years lost
in the affected population. Additionally, the prevalence of hypertension in
individuals older than 60 years is approximately 60%, and this figure is expected
to increase due to population ageing.
Clearly, there exists a harmful association between hypertension and
cognitive function. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) refers to the alteration of
cognitive functions without significantly impairing instrumental activities of
daily living.
Its clinical significance lies in its role as the initial
manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease. Persistent exposure to elevated blood
pressure triggers microcirculatory damage, promoting cerebral atrophy and
blood-brain barrier dysfunction. It is estimated that older adults with
hypertension have up to a 40% increased relative risk of MCI and a 70%
increased relative risk of dementia. Clinically, older adults with MCI may
present with an insidious onset of memory loss and impairment of executive
function, also referred to as abstract reasoning, involving frontal and
subcortical brain structures.
These deficits manifest as difficulties in task planning,
time management, self-care activities, and decreased cognitive processing speed.
These observations underscore the importance of intensive and sustained blood
pressure control, as hypertension is the most extensively studied modifiable
factor for slowing the progression of cognitive decline.
Author(s) Details
Ana Cristina Salgado-Sauz
Research Unit, Teaching and Research, Hospital General León,
Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Mexico.
Yair Antonio
Ugalde-Hernández
Research Unit, Teaching and Research, Hospital General León,
Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Mexico.
Benjamín
González-Aguilera
Research Unit, Teaching and Research, Hospital General León, Institute of
Public Health from Guanajuato State, Mexico.
María Carolina
Martínez-Bohórquez
Research Unit, Teaching and Research, Hospital General León, Institute of
Public Health from Guanajuato State, Mexico.
Omar López-Guzmán
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of
Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State,
Mexico.
Yaret Valeria Rodríguez-Aguilar
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of
Teaching and Research, Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State,
Mexico.
Nicolás
Padilla-Raygoza
Department of Research and Technological Development, Directorate of Teaching
and Research, Institute of Public
Health from Guanajuato State, Mexico.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v8/6831
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