In developing countries, people depend heavily on animals for food, which increases the risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases, especially in rural communities, as a result of the frequent interaction between humans, livestock and poultry. Zoonose infections are among the major public health issues concerning, as pandemics emerge intermittently causing significant global human and economic losses. The aim of this review is to summarize the most prominent waterborne bacterial pathogens of zoonotic origin, along with basic prevention methods. Excretions and waste products are the most common sources of waterborne zoonotic pathogens, as these substances are used as a means of transmission from the animal to the aquatic environment. Water is one of the ways of transmission of infection, especially through drinking water. Among these life-threatening bacterial pathogens are Bacillus anthracis, Campylobacter jejuni, which causes enteritis in humans and animals, Escherichia Coli which causes hemorrhagic enteritis, Salmonella enterica which leads to enteritis, and Vibrio cholera which causes gastroenteritis and blood poisoning, may lead to death. To prevent these pathogens, efforts must be unified worldwide to solve the problem of proper disposal of animal waste, and to protect surface water from contamination with animal waste. In this review, we concluded that it is necessary to apply strategies to prevent waterborne zoonoses and to unify the efforts of various responsible disciplines, such as human health, animal health, and the environment.
Author
(s) Details
Ozdan Akram Ghareeb
Department of Pharmacy Techniques, Medical Technical Institute/ Kirkuk,
Northern Technical University, Iraq.
Qahtan Adnan Ali
Department of Environment and Pollution Technologies Engineering, Kirkuk
Technical College Engineering, Northern Technical University, Iraq.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v2/3267
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