Background: The direction and amount of mandibular growth are important factors in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning as normal maxillary and mandibular growth is essential for well-balanced craniofacial development. Vertical development of the facial skeleton has been related to many skeletal units, like the nasomaxillary complex, the alveolar processes, and the mandible. These are all associated with normal and abnormal vertical growth patterns.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the
maxillary and mandibular morphology in different vertical facial types and to
implicate the achieved results into the diagnosis and treatment planning of
patients requiring orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods: The present study is conducted on a sample
of 120 subjects comprising 60 males and 60 females in the age range of 18 to 25
years. The lateral head cephalograms of the subjects were divided into three
groups, i.e. group I (hypodivergent), group II (normodivergent) and group III (hyperdivergent)
with regard to vertical facial type by using the following three parameters,
i.e. SN-MP (facial divergence angle), overbite depth indicator (ODI) and
Jarabak ratio or facial height ratio (FHR). Differences among the groups and
between genders were assessed by means of variance analysis and the
Newman-Keuls post hoc test. The cephalometric tracing for area measurement was
scanned using a scanner (HP 2400). A scanned version of the tracing was then
digitized and area measurements were made twice by the same operator using
AutoCAD® 2006.
Results: Maxillary and mandibular anterior alveolar and maxillary
postalveolar height was found to be greater for the hyperdivergent group in
comparison to others. Hyperdivergent facial types possess long and narrow
symphysis along with greater antegonial notch depth whereas hypodivergent
showed an opposite tendency. Hyperdivergent facial types generally have a
smaller maxillary area as compared to other facial types. However, the total
mandibular area does not vary among different vertical facial types. Sexual
dichotomy was found with maxillary anterior alveolar and basal height,
mandibular posterior alveolar and basal height, mandibular length, symphyseal
depth, depth of the antegonial notch, symphyseal area and external to total
(ext/total) symphyseal area ratio.
Conclusion: Vertical facial type may be related to the
morphological and dentoalveolar pattern of both maxilla and mandible.
Determination of this relationship may be of great help from diagnostic as well
as therapeutic aspects of many vertical malocclusion problems. Additionally,
hyperdivergent facial types possess greater antegonial notch depth as compared
to hypodivergent facial types.
Author
(s) Details
Abhishek Singha Roy
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical
University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Pradeep Tandon
Department of Orthodontics, ITS Dental College Hospital and Research
Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Anil Kumar Chandna
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical
University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Vijay P Sharma
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical
University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Amit Nagar
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical
University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Gyan P Singh
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George Medical
University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v3/2461
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