India's diverse geography affects leading causes of death
like TB, pulmonary, vascular, and neoplastic disorders. Smoking, a global
issue, exacerbates poverty by diverting funds from essentials, while
second-hand smoke poses health risks indoors. Second-hand smoke causes serious
cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, including coronary heart disease and
lung cancer, and kills around 1.3 million people prematurely every year.
China, Brazil and India are the largest tobacco leaf
growers, with China accounting for 3.2 million metric tons . The main
tobacco farming practices in LMICs (low and middle-income countries) that are
responsible for environmental degradation are the use of agrochemicals and
deforestation to clear land for tobacco growing and for fuel wood used in the
flue-curing of tobacco. These practices lead to two major environmental
consequences: ecosystem disruptions and soil degradation, which consequently lead
to the loss of land resources, biodiversity and food insecurity . Studies have
shown that tobacco absorbs more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium than other
major food and cash crops, and therefore, tobacco growing decreases soil
fertility more rapidly than other crops.
The addiction to tobacco and related products poses a great
challenge to healthcare providers. Various forms of Nicotine replacement are
available in the market. Each form is associated with a specific dosage,
methods of usage and pros and cons. The selection of the modality for nicotine
replacement depends upon multiple factors like type, duration and severity of
addiction, affordability of the patient and availability of the product in the
market. They can be used as a single modality or in combination with other
products. The current chapter discusses various nicotine replacement therapies
and their intricacies.
Author(s) Details:
Dr. Anagha Shete
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, D Y Patil Dental
School, Lohegaon, Pune, India.
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, D Y Patil Dental School,
Lohegaon, Pune, India.
Dr. Vaishnavi Lolage
D Y Patil Dental School, Lohegaon, Pune, India.
Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V6/article/view/14304
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