Nicotine Replacement Therapy: A Clinical Approach | Chapter 13 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 

India's diverse geography affects leading causes of death like TB, pulmonary, vascular, and neoplastic disorders. Smoking, a global issue, exacerbates poverty by diverting funds from essentials, while second-hand smoke poses health risks indoors. Second-hand smoke causes serious cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, including coronary heart disease and lung cancer, and kills around 1.3 million people prematurely every year.

China, Brazil and India are the largest tobacco leaf growers, with China accounting for 3.2 million metric tons . The main tobacco farming practices in LMICs (low and middle-income countries) that are responsible for environmental degradation are the use of agrochemicals and deforestation to clear land for tobacco growing and for fuel wood used in the flue-curing of tobacco. These practices lead to two major environmental consequences: ecosystem disruptions and soil degradation, which consequently lead to the loss of land resources, biodiversity and food insecurity . Studies have shown that tobacco absorbs more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium than other major food and cash crops, and therefore, tobacco growing decreases soil fertility more rapidly than other crops.

The addiction to tobacco and related products poses a great challenge to healthcare providers. Various forms of Nicotine replacement are available in the market. Each form is associated with a specific dosage, methods of usage and pros and cons. The selection of the modality for nicotine replacement depends upon multiple factors like type, duration and severity of addiction, affordability of the patient and availability of the product in the market. They can be used as a single modality or in combination with other products. The current chapter discusses various nicotine replacement therapies and their intricacies.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Anagha Shete
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, D Y Patil Dental School, Lohegaon, Pune, India.

Dr. Mrinal Shete
Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, D Y Patil Dental School, Lohegaon, Pune, India.

Dr. Vaishnavi Lolage
D Y Patil Dental School, Lohegaon, Pune, India.

 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V6/article/view/14304

E-Cigarette Tipping Points Revisited, with Historical Perspective: A Mini Review | Chapter 11 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 In August of 2017, I wrote about the topic of e-cigarette tipping points for the first time. 1st In this article, I return to this topic [2] to see what, if anything, has changed since then. E-cigarettes claimed to have reached two big tipping points when the 2017 paper was published. The first was because of their widespread use, with an estimated 10% of the adult population in the United States using or having used e-cigarette products [3]. The second had to do with public perceptions of protection and benefit to public health [4]. I noted at the time that the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was projecting a harshly negative view of e-cigarette safety, only grudgingly recognizing that there could be personal and public health benefits. Since then, the FDA and the broader American tobacco control culture have become so hostile to e-cigarettes that each product is now facing forced withdrawal from the market unless the manufacturer can apply a "viable" Pre-Market Tobacco Application as soon as possible (PMTA). Because of the expense of the studies needed to prepare the application, as previously mentioned [1], such an application is physically impossible for 99 percent or more of e-cigarette manufacturers. This essay will discuss how and why the majority of the e-cigarette industry in the United States is on its way out, and what, if anything, can be done about it.

Author (s) Details

Joel L. Nitzkin
R Street Institute, Washington DC, c/o JLN, MD Associates, LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V7/article/view/925

E-Cigarette Tipping Points Revisited, with Historical Perspective: A Mini Review | Chapter 11 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 In August of 2017, I wrote about the topic of e-cigarette tipping points for the first time. 1st In this article, I return to this topic [2] to see what, if anything, has changed since then. E-cigarettes claimed to have reached two big tipping points when the 2017 paper was published. The first was because of their widespread use, with an estimated 10% of the adult population in the United States using or having used e-cigarette products [3]. The second had to do with public perceptions of protection and benefit to public health [4]. I noted at the time that the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was projecting a harshly negative view of e-cigarette safety, only grudgingly recognizing that there could be personal and public health benefits. Since then, the FDA and the broader American tobacco control culture have become so hostile to e-cigarettes that each product is now facing forced withdrawal from the market unless the manufacturer can apply a "viable" Pre-Market Tobacco Application as soon as possible (PMTA). Because of the expense of the studies needed to prepare the application, as previously mentioned [1], such an application is physically impossible for 99 percent or more of e-cigarette manufacturers. This essay will discuss how and why the majority of the e-cigarette industry in the United States is on its way out, and what, if anything, can be done about it.

Author (s) Details

Joel L. Nitzkin
R Street Institute, Washington DC, c/o JLN, MD Associates, LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V7/article/view/925