Administration of Ultra Disperse Nanoparticles to Create Hyperthermia In vitro and In vivo, for the Treatment of Cancer Diseases by Brownian and Neel Mechanisms | Chapter 14 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Background: Magnetic hyperthermia is a technique that proposes the annihilation of cancer cells through the elevation of cell temperature above 316K by utilizing the heat dissipated by magnetic particles exposed to an alternating magnetic field.

Aim: The idea of the invention is that Ultradisperse superparamagnetic nanoceramic particles are received in rotating cathode equipment.

Methods: The microstructure of powder is studied by electronic microscopy and X-ray analysis. Also, powder homogeneity, particle size distribution and, respectively, stability and magnetic susceptibility are studied by magnetometric method. The average sizes of particles are 30‐100 nm. The powder is homogeneous and in the process of analysis, it was revealed its good stability. The research object is superparamagnetic powder. The relative value of its magnetic susceptibility is 1.00037. Sample magnetization measurements are done at cooling in zero magnetic field (ZFC) and in nonzero field (FC) modes, also magnetic hysteresis curves are measured at low and high temperatures compared to the mean blocking temperature (T_B) for measured samples. From the state of maximum on the ZFC curve, it was deduced that the temperature of blocking in the given superparamagnetic subsystem of particles is T_B ~ 60 K.

Results: The practical innovation is that for the first time in Georgia, the local monotherapy and adjuvant effects of locally controlled hyperthermia in the polychemotherapeutic treatment of tumors were studied with the help of the created devices. For the first time in Georgia, medical devices for locally controlled hyperthermia were developed. Accordingly, with the help of these devices, an innovative technology for hyperthermia was created.

Conclusion: A completely new methodology and technology is being created. Significant progress has been made in experiments on animals and voluntary patients.

 

Author (s) Details

Zviad Kovziridze
Department of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Kostava St. 77, Tbilisi, 0175, Georgia.

 

Jurgen G. Heinrich
Institute of Nonmetallic Materials, Clausthal University of Technology, Zehntnerstrasse 2a, Clausthal – Zellerfeld, 38678, Germany.

 

Reinhard Goerke
Institute of Nonmetallic Materials, Clausthal University of Technology, Zehntnerstrasse 2a, Clausthal – Zellerfeld, 38678, Germany.

 

Gregor Mamniashvili
Department of Condensed Matter Physics, E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Tamarashvili St. 6, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia.

 

Zurab Chachkhiani
Department of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Kostava St. 77, Tbilisi, 0175, Georgia.

 

Nunu Mitskevich
Department of Chemical and Biological Technologies, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Kostava St. 77, Tbilisi, 0175, Georgia.

 

Reinhard Goerke
Institute of Nonmetallic Materials, Clausthal University of Technology, Zehntnerstrasse 2a, Clausthal – Zellerfeld, 38678, Germany.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2803 

Evaluation of Acute Pancreatitis in a Tertiary Centre: A Prospective Observational Study | Chapter 13| Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Background: The etiology and clinical manifestations of pancreatitis have great variations. Acute pancreatitis is a common condition characterized by diverse etiologies, clinical presentations, and diagnostic findings. The disease may be mild or severe, may lead to multi-organ failures and death. The most common cause is biliary tract diseases. Other causes are alcohol consumption, post-ERCP (Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), trauma, idiopathic and drugs, viral infections, genetic mutations and connective tissue disorders.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted at SGT Medical College, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, from January 2017 to June 2019 in 100 consecutive patients. The data was collected from case sheets and detailed clinical findings and investigations, treatment and complications from each patient. Analysis was made using software SPSS for Windows 7. The chi-square test and probability (p) value were used to establish the status of significance.

Results: Most of the patients were from the age group 41-55 years. The most common etiology of acute pancreatitis was gallstone, followed by alcohol-induced cases. Other causes were idiopathic, post ERCP and trauma. Pain, distention abdomen, vomiting, fever and jaundice were presenting features. Serum amylase, serum lipase, USG abdomen and CECT (Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography) abdomen were diagnostic investigations. Complications included local and systemic. Mortality was 7%. The results of the study are quite comfortable and it is probably due to meticulous care at all steps. A local complication rate of 16% was achieved in the study.

Conclusions: Acute pancreatitis is mild in most of the cases and recovery is good. Severe cases should be meticulously treated as mortality rates are higher. They should be treated in the ICU under the guidance of an intensivist. This study results show that patients with severe diseases should be meticulously monitored clinically, biochemically, hemodynamically and radiologically.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kanwar Singh Goel
Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT Medical College, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, India.

 

Nikhil Goel
Department of Psychiatry, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana, India.

Sapna Goel
Department of Pathology, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana, India.

Tarun Gupta
Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SGT Medical College, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2872

Ceramide Synthase Isoforms and Insulin Resistance: A Molecular Perspective | Chapter 12 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

The review analyzes the literature data that forms the basis for the "ceramide-centric" view of insulin resistance pathogenesis and obesity-associated diabetes mellitus type 2. The results of recent independent studies have shown that normal sphingolipid metabolism is one of the most important conditions for maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body. The lipid analysis of adipose tissue, skeletal muscles and liver in rodents with experimental obesity, as well as biopsic specimens of diabetics, indicate the high pathogenicity of specific ceramide family members. Analysis of the clinical material and the results of model experiments showed that increased expression of the isoenzyme CerS-6 positively correlated with the degree of resistance to insulin. The degree of pathogenicity is determined by the length of the acyl chain included in de novo synthesized ceramide with the involvement of one of the six ceramide synthase isoenzymes. Selective inhibition of the ceramide synthase-6 isoenzyme to reduce the tissue level of the most pathogenic C16:0-ceramide may be a promising approach for correcting insulin resistance. The creation of a specific inhibitor of CerS-6 will allow selectively to reduce the tissue content of C16:0-ceramide, which, apparently, may contribute to the development of a new direction of pathogenetically grounded pharmacological correction of obesity-associated insulin resistance.

 

Author (s) Details

Kuzmenko Dmitry Ivanovich
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Siberian State Medical University, SSMU, 634055, Tomsk, Moskovsky trakt, 2, Building 2. Russia.

 

Klimentyeva Tatyana Konstantinovna
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Siberian State Medical University, SSMU, 634055, Tomsk, Moskovsky trakt, 2, Building 2. Russia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2795

 

Low Dose Biophotonic Treatment Enhances Oxygen Saturation and Hematologic Parameters | Chapter 11 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

The prevalence of diabetes, especially Type 2 diabetes or NIDDM is approaching epidemic proportions in much of Westernized society as the populations continue to age and as the prevalence of obesity, overweight conditions, and their common pathophysiologic sequelae emerge in parallel, while effective therapeutic options often place a strain on available resources. Applications of controlled UV irradiation however represent a novel potential approach in the treatment of a broad variety of metabolic conditions including NIDDM.  The aim of the study is to examine the impact of Low Dose Biophotonic Treatment on Hematologic Parameters and Oxygen Saturation. The wide-ranging effects of healthful vs. damaging consequences of UV irradiation on key physiologic parameters are reviewed in this paper. The effects are largely dependent on the wavelengths encountered, the absolute intensity and duration of the exposure, the tissues exposed, and whether the UV effects were delivered via in vivo or as an extracorporeal exposure in vitro typically performed with freshly obtained heparinized aliquots of whole blood. The mechanism for the biophotonic-mediated alterations in hemoglobin glycation remain speculative however, and may be due to a pH induced reversal or limitation at the level of the committed step in the glycation process as depicted in Fig. 4 as a result of the biophotonic excitation. While damaging effects of high UV intensity may include irreversible irradiation damage to key cellular and molecular components, controlled low dosages of UV irradiation delivered via a conventional biophotonic apparatus at specific, controlled wavelengths can deliver beneficial effects on blood oxygenation, tissue repair, immune responses, glycemia, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations. HbA1c is an important diagnostic marker for the effectiveness of diabetes management. Studies reviewed demonstrate increases in blood oxygenation and corresponding decreases in HbA1c concentrations following nominal low dose biophotonic treatment at selected wavelengths and indicate that the application of this therapy extends beyond its more commonly applied applications in the treatment and control of infectious illnesses. Oxygen availability in combination with ‘good’ ROS responses is a crucial component of a healthy wellbeing and immune responses and are important constituents of the broad spectrum of beneficial effects of UV- biophotonic therapy, and signal the reemergence of an old and reliable treatment for both old and emerging diseases.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Orien L. Tulp
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies, Einstein Medical Institute, NPB, FL, USA and Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Larkin Hospital, Miami FL, USA.

 

Syed A. A. Rizvi
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies, Einstein Medical Institute, NPB, FL, USA, Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Larkin Hospital, Miami FL, USA and Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Einstein Medical Institute, NPB, FL, USA.

 

George P. Einstein
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies, Einstein Medical Institute, NPB, FL, USA and Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Larkin Hospital, Miami FL, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2511

Application of MRI Imaging of Focal Adenomyosis and Adenomyotic Cyst: A Case Report of a 42-Year-Old Female | Chapter 10 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Adenomyosis is a common benign uterine disease characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. This happens when the normal boundary between the endometrial basal layer and the myometrium is disrupted. Adenomyosis is defined by the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium. This happens when the normal boundary between the endometrial basal layer and the myometrium is disrupted. It is hypothesized that factors such as uterine trauma, pregnancy, postpartum endometritis, or caesarean delivery may contribute to its development. Adenomyosis has been noted to occur in about 30% of the general female population and the reported prevalence of adenomyosis in hysterectomy specimens varies from 5% to 70%.

A case of a 42-year-old female, nulligravida, with a medical history of complete spontaneous miscarriage five years ago, was reported. The patient experienced uncontrolled bleeding, necessitating treatment with cervical cerclage.

The patient presented with menstrual menometrorrhagia and dysmenorrhea treated with oral contraceptive pills but the symptoms persisted. Transvaginal sonography showed a globular uterine enlargement with one leiomyoma and thickened uterine walls. Vascular malformation or adenomyosis were suspected. An MRI was performed, confirming findings consistent with adenomyosis. Adenomyosis can become a debilitating disease in women. It was also noted that the definitive treatment of adenomyosis is currently hysterectomy; however, uterine artery embolization has been described as an alternative treatment, though its outcomes are not always satisfactory. MRI offers the advantage of radiation-free imaging, superior visualization of uterine morphology, and the ability to identify specific signs that facilitate accurate diagnosis.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Guarín JMP
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Río JV
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Benítez GM
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Cordón FD
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2277

AYUSH System Providing Opportunities for Health Promotion and Wellness | Chapter 9 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

Background: Ever since the world has been made humans have been living a healthy life of 100 years life expectancy. But as time passed lifestyles changed and people started practicing Apathya Ahara and Vihara ignoring the needs of their bodies just for the leisure of the materialistic world. Arogya means Complete Positive Health, which is the Fundamental Human Right. A known proverb says `Health is Wealth` which is true because a Healthy Mind and Body can only achieve the ultimate goal of life. Today when there are numerous diseases like COVID-19 are coming up there is a need to go back to our forgotten roots which is AYUSH.

Materials and Methods: Various Ayurvedic Classical texts, articles, and journals have been analysed.

Results: It has always focussed on Prevention and Healthy Living by individuals and communities. AYUSH can be the best way to reduce the burden of diseases from Country and World through its simple basic preventive Lifestyle Regimens to be followed by everyone in the World. That can be only through Health Promotion by AYUSH Practioners to the base level of Primary Health Care.

Discussion: When everyone learns about the significance of AYUSH services then they will accept it by heart as they are the most affordable and accessible facilities. Presently it is the time to work collaboratively with the community, government, medical facilities and other sectors to achieve the Social Global Target of `Health for All`. Currently, the Concept of One Health is the main focus for all. Even though the government is trying its best to provide the best health care services, it is a shear responsibility of every individual to maintain his or her health by making good choices for achieving healthy longevity.

Conclusion: The study concluded that encouraging AYUSH practices in the public and private sectors will lead to better health. An era of holistic health and integrated medicine has begun now and from here this will be proliferated to the world so that the social global target of one health can be achieved and all live a meaningful and balanced life.

 

Author (s) Details

Khyati
Department of Swasthavritta Evum Yoga, Kunwar Shekhar Vijendra Ayurved Medical College and Research Centre, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Satya Manav Dayal
Department of Swasthavritta, Uttaranchal Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Dehradun, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/3003

Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Devices in Managing Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Observational Study | Chapter 8 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

In the United States, there are around 90 million individuals affected by impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting blood glucose(pre-diabetes), with an additional 34 million diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). Among those diagnosed, the majority (90-95%) have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while 5-10% have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or other rare forms of the disease. This retrospective study aimed to assess the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices in managing uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). The study cohort comprised 25 patients with uncontrolled diabetes who received treatment at an internal medicine resident clinic. The objective was to evaluate the impact of transitioning from self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) to CGM devices on glycemic control, as measured by changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, average blood glucose levels, hypoglycemic events, time spent within the target blood sugar range, and glucose variability. The main objective of the study was also to see if this can be done by Internal medicine residents in the Residency clinic after appropriate education by a Board Certified Endocrinologist. It is known that this is the first project of introduction of CGM in an Internal medicine clinic and not a specialized endocrine clinic in a project driven by Internal medicine residents. This can be introduced in other internal medicine residency programs in the United States to improve the quality of treatment of Diabetes and the quality of education of Internal medicine Residents. The findings indicated significant improvements in glycemic control with the adoption of CGM devices, highlighting their potential benefits for optimizing diabetes management. The mean HbA1c after transitioning from self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) to CGM decreased from 11.21% to 7.04% and average blood glucose decreased from 286 mg/dl to 158 mg/dl. Time in range increased after the transition to CGM from 18% to 74%, and mild hypoglycemia decreased from 4.75% to 0.78%. The dangerous more pronounced hypoglycemia of less than 54 mg/dl decreased after the switch from SMBG to CGM from 3.01% to 0.2%. All patients were using 3-4 injections of Insulin per day plus other injectable or peroral antidiabetic medications.

The study is fascinating because it was done in an internal medicine continuity clinic with the main participation of the internal medicine residents under the supervision of an endocrinologist. It was not done as the majority of the other studies used CGM in specialized endocrinology clinics.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Andre E. Manov
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Rakahn Haddadin
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Sukhjinder Chauhan
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Gundip Dhillon
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Athena Dhaliwal
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Sabrina Antonio
Department of Anesthesiology, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Ashrita Donepudi
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Yema N. Jalal
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Jonathan Nazha
Department of Radiology, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Melissa Banal
Department of Radiology, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

Joseph House
Department of Radiology, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2997