Background: Carrot (Daucus carota) is a widely consumed
vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant compounds.
Carrots contain fibre and bioactive phytochemicals that have been associated
with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities in preclinical
settings. Beta-carotene, a prominent carotenoid in carrots, has been reported
to modulate immune-related pathways in experimental models; however, the extent
to which these observations translate to reduced colorectal cancer risk in
humans remains to be determined.
Objective: This study investigated whether cultivation
methods influence the bioactivity of carrot extracts in an azoxymethane/dextran
sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced murine model of colitis-associated colon
tumorigenesis, with emphasis on apoptosis-related markers, inflammatory
responses, and gut microbiota alterations.
Methods: Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (~20 g) were
maintained under SPF conditions (12-h light/dark cycle; 23 ± 2 °C; 50 ± 5% humidity).
After one week of acclimatisation with ad libitum food and water, mice were
randomly allocated to six groups (n = 10/group). The normal and AOM/DSS control
groups received saline, whereas the Conventional Fertiliser Carrot (CFC),
Seawater Fertiliser Carrot (SFC), Trace Element Fertiliser Carrot (TFC), and
Deep-sea Water Mineral fertiliser carrot (NFC) groups received the respective
carrot extracts (50 mg/mL). Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were
quantified and analysed using GraphPad Prism 9.4.1.
Results: Among the cultivation conditions tested, carrots
produced with deep-sea water mineral fertiliser (NFC) were associated with
increased expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins in colon tissue,
including p53, p21, Bim, Bad, Bax, Bak, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3. NFC treatment
was also associated with lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and
mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, NF-κB, and iNOS) measured across serum,
spleen cells, and liver tissues. Gut microbiota profiling indicated a
compositional shift in carrot-treated mice relative to controls, including
increased relative abundance of taxa previously linked to anti-inflammatory or
anti-tumour-associated profiles (e.g., Lachnospiraceae and Mucispirillum
schaedleri).
Conclusion: In this AOM/DSS mouse model, carrot
extracts—particularly those derived from carrots cultivated with deep-sea water
mineral fertiliser—were associated with reduced tumour-related endpoints
alongside coordinated changes in apoptotic and inflammatory markers and gut
microbiota composition. These findings support further investigation into
cultivation-dependent differences in carrot bioactivity and encourage
additional studies to clarify mechanisms and assess translational relevance in
humans.
Author(s) Details
Yanni Pan
Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development,
Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering
Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University
of Education, Chongqing, China.
Yeon-Jun Lee
Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
Jin Hyeop Kim
Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
Min Ji Song
Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
KyuBum Kwack
Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam,
Republic of Korea.
Seung-Hwan Park
Organic Anti-Cancer Agriculture Institute, iCOOP Natural Dream Company,
Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Sin-Il Sin
Organic Anti-Cancer Agriculture Institute, iCOOP Natural Dream Company,
Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Ji Hyung Chung
Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
Kun-Young Park
Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic
of Korea.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-998509-0-3/CH1
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