Background: Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease
characterised by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), leading to
serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. Naturally
occurring inhibitors of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes may offer an effective
way to limit the absorption of dietary carbohydrates while causing fewer
adverse effects than synthetic drugs. α-amylase helps in the digestion and
absorption of dietary starch and causes elevated blood glucose levels.
Aims: The present work aims to find natural α-amylase
inhibitors derived from plants that have gained popularity as safe and
cost-effective alternatives.
Study Design: This study investigates the α-amylase
inhibitory potential of five medicinal plants (Aerva lanata, Emblica
officinalis, Momordica charantia, Musa paradisiaca, and Psidium guajava)
traditionally used in diabetes management.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the
Department of Botany, Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India.
Methodology: The α-amylase inhibitory activity of five plant
extracts (Aerva lanata, Emblica officinalis, Momordica charantia, Musa
paradisiaca, and Psidium guajava) was evaluated at concentrations ranging from
10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg/mL. Metformin was used as a standard antidiabetic
drug for comparison. The extracts underwent additional phytochemical analysis
to determine their total tannin and total phenolic contents.
Results: Our findings demonstrate that these plant extracts
exhibit varying degrees of α-amylase inhibitory activity, with Momordica charantia
showing the highest inhibition (95.00% ± 0.58% at 100 μg/mL). The inhibitory
potential of these extracts correlates with their phenolic and tannin content,
suggesting a role for these phytochemicals in α-amylase inhibition. Notably,
Emblica officinalis and Psidium guajava also displayed significant inhibitory
activity comparable to the standard drug metformin.
Conclusion: The study provides valuable insights into the
development of novel antidiabetic therapies from natural sources. Further
studies are warranted to isolate and characterise the bioactive compounds and
elucidate their mechanisms of action. The findings of this study have
significant implications for the management of diabetes and the development of
natural antidiabetic agents.
Author(s) Details
Nisha Joseph
Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Catholicate College
Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India.
A. S. Deepthi
Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Catholicate College
Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India.
Gokul G. Nair
Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Catholicate College
Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India.
Merin Grace Jiji
Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Catholicate College
Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v10/7036
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