Inhibitory Effects of Differentially Cultivated Carrots on AOM/DSS-Induced Colorectal Cancer Via Modulation of Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Gut Microbiota | Chapter 1 | Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Functional Foods

 

Background: Carrot (Daucus carota) is a widely consumed vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant compounds. Carrots contain fibre and bioactive phytochemicals that have been associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities in preclinical settings. Beta-carotene, a prominent carotenoid in carrots, has been reported to modulate immune-related pathways in experimental models; however, the extent to which these observations translate to reduced colorectal cancer risk in humans remains to be determined.

 

Objective: This study investigated whether cultivation methods influence the bioactivity of carrot extracts in an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced murine model of colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis, with emphasis on apoptosis-related markers, inflammatory responses, and gut microbiota alterations.

 

Methods: Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (~20 g) were maintained under SPF conditions (12-h light/dark cycle; 23 ± 2 °C; 50 ± 5% humidity). After one week of acclimatisation with ad libitum food and water, mice were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 10/group). The normal and AOM/DSS control groups received saline, whereas the Conventional Fertiliser Carrot (CFC), Seawater Fertiliser Carrot (SFC), Trace Element Fertiliser Carrot (TFC), and Deep-sea Water Mineral fertiliser carrot (NFC) groups received the respective carrot extracts (50 mg/mL). Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were quantified and analysed using GraphPad Prism 9.4.1.

 

Results: Among the cultivation conditions tested, carrots produced with deep-sea water mineral fertiliser (NFC) were associated with increased expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins in colon tissue, including p53, p21, Bim, Bad, Bax, Bak, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3. NFC treatment was also associated with lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, NF-κB, and iNOS) measured across serum, spleen cells, and liver tissues. Gut microbiota profiling indicated a compositional shift in carrot-treated mice relative to controls, including increased relative abundance of taxa previously linked to anti-inflammatory or anti-tumour-associated profiles (e.g., Lachnospiraceae and Mucispirillum schaedleri).

 

Conclusion: In this AOM/DSS mouse model, carrot extracts—particularly those derived from carrots cultivated with deep-sea water mineral fertiliser—were associated with reduced tumour-related endpoints alongside coordinated changes in apoptotic and inflammatory markers and gut microbiota composition. These findings support further investigation into cultivation-dependent differences in carrot bioactivity and encourage additional studies to clarify mechanisms and assess translational relevance in humans.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Yanni Pan
Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.

 

Yeon-Jun Lee
Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.

 

Jin Hyeop Kim
Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.

 

Min Ji Song
Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.

 

KyuBum Kwack

Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.

 

Seung-Hwan Park
Organic Anti-Cancer Agriculture Institute, iCOOP Natural Dream Company, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.

 

Sin-Il Sin
Organic Anti-Cancer Agriculture Institute, iCOOP Natural Dream Company, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.

 

Ji Hyung Chung
Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.

 

Kun-Young Park
Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-998509-0-3/CH1

Exploring the Potential of Moringa oleifera and Andrographis paniculata Leaves as Natural Growth Promoters in Broilers | Chapter 5 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 5

 

The broiler industry is presently experiencing a significant transformation, prompted by the global demand for antibiotic-free animal products and the prohibition of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs). This chapter examines the potential of Moringa oleifera and Andrographis paniculata as natural feed additives to address challenges related to productivity and health in broiler chickens. Recent research indicates that the bioactive compounds in these plants, including flavonoids, polyphenols, and andrographolides, have been demonstrated to enhance gut health and microbial populations. Notably, they reduce Escherichia coli and Salmonella counts while increasing lactic acid bacteria. Phytochemicals also contribute to improved feed efficiency and weight gain. Experimental evidence suggests that supplementation with the nano-liquid extract at a concentration of 0.75% is highly effective in optimizing growth performance, feed conversion ratio, production index, and income over feed cost (IOFC). The incorporation of Moringa oleifera and Andrographis paniculata into broiler nutrition represents a viable, sustainable, and health-conscious alternative to synthetic feed additives, thereby supporting animal welfare and consumer safety.

 

Author (s) Details

Muhammad Halim Natsir
Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia.

 

Yuli Frita Nuningtyas
Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia.

 

Feri Eko Hermanto
Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia.

Filoza Marwi

Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia.

 

Ilham Fithrah Hasanain
Halal Institute and Lingkar Strategic, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v5/5785

 

Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Disease Correlation: The Factors Influencing the Gut Microbiota's Composition and Function along with Possible Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Strategies | Chapter 6 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 11

 The human digestive system contains trillions of bacteria living in the gut microbiota, which is incredibly diverse. The gut microbiome begins to form and multiply from birth, and changes in its composition are primarily caused by a variety of genetic, dietary, and environmental variables. Dysbiosis is defined as a shift in the makeup and function of the gut microbiota or an unbalanced microbial community structure from the normal state. This can affect immunological responses, digestion, and metabolism as well as intestinal permeability. An imbalance in the gut microbiota can induce a pro-inflammatory state that can lead to a variety of diseases, including gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders, immunological disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders, colorectal cancer (CRC), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), along with extra-intestinal conditions like Type 1 and 2 diabetes, obesity, etc. The current review addresses how nutrition and the environment impact the structure and function of gut microbes and elucidates the significance of gut microbiota in preserving human health. The numerous factors that affect the human microbiome are discussed in this overview along with their cause-and-effect relationships to current investigations that have looked at the connection between gut microbiome dysbiosis and disease development. A more effective treatment strategy and a potentially helpful tool in the dysbiosis gut microbiome restoration. Strategies have been studied to achieve this goal, including phages, extracellular vesicles, immunological regulation, microbial metabolites, dietary treatments, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), prebiotics and probiotics.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Renuka Ekka
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur (C.G), 495009, India.

 

Vaishali Tiwari
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur (C.G), 495009, India.

 

Shashikala Bhagat
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur (C.G), 495009, India.

 

Sumathi Poleboina
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur (C.G), 495009, India.

 

Bharti Ahirwar
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur (C.G), 495009, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v11/3343

Microbiome-Based Therapeutics: The Future of Chronic Disease Management | Chapter 8 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 4

The gut microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms residing in the human gastrointestinal tract, plays an integral role in maintaining host health. Comprising trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms, the gut microbiome has become a focal point in understanding human physiology, immunity, and disease. Recent advances in microbiome research have illuminated its therapeutic potential in diverse health conditions, ranging from gastrointestinal disorders to systemic diseases like diabetes and depression. This review explores the therapeutic role of the gut microbiome, emphasizing its impact on health, mechanisms of action, and emerging therapeutic applications.

 

Author (s) Details

Asim Kumar Basak
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, India.

 

Debayan Chakraborty
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v4/4163

Cholesterol is Involved in Tumorigenesis and Its Potential Therapeutic Prospects | Chapter 7 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

 This division will help citizens accomplish the important function of cholesterol during cyst formation in addition to the importance of adjusting their diets, have a healthful lifestyle, and of bodily conditioning. Tumor cells are characterized by hasty growth and limitless replication potential; accordingly, their high energy and biosynthesis necessities need to be compensated, particularly the biosynthesis of cell membranes. Recent studies have proved that cholesterol, an essential component of cell membranes, has a meaningful impact on the development of tumours, invulnerable system dysregulation, and unhealthy changes in epigenetic mechanisms. Cholesterol biosynthesis is an extremely accepted phenomenon in creatures, the process is complicated. There is a growing interest on targeting cholesterol in the treatment of malignancy. First, it was comprehensively inspected the major function of cholesterol on oncogenicity, the therapeutic aims of cholesterol and its metabolites in tumor, and provide detailed awareness into the essential roles of cholesterol in arbitrating immune and epigenetic machines of the tumor microenvironment. It is believed that malignancy cells indulge excessive metabolic consequences of red body fluid cholesterol intake to maintain cancer progression, that may demonstrate why the level of serum cholesterol in few cancer victims is normal or even beneath normal ranges. Additionally, due to allure function in cholesterol metabolism, the gut microbiome is an basic facts of cancer mediation. To determine more therapeutic mediations in oncology, the most recent research on the potential aims of cholesterol and their metabolism was summarised.

Author(s) Details:

Yang Xi,
Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Address: No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province-313000, China.

Zhou Yani,
Graduate School of Medical College of Zhejiang University, Address: No. 268 Kaixuan Road, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province-310029, China.

Mao Jing,
Graduate School of Second Clinical Medicine Faculty, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Address: No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province-310053, China.

Wu Yinhang,
Graduate School of Second Clinical Medicine Faculty, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Address: No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province-310053, China.

Hou Xiaohui,
Graduate School of Nursing, Huzhou University, Address: No. 1 Bachelor Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province-313000, China.

Zhuang Jing,
Department of Nursing, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Address: No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province-313000, China.

Qi Quan,
Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Address: No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province-313000, China.

Han Shuwen,
Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Address: No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province-313000, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V5/article/view/11051