Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 virus causes COVID-19 by infecting nasal and oral cavities primarily by attaching its spike proteins to ACE 2 receptors expressed in epithelial cells.
Aim: This study was done to evaluate the micronucleated cell
count, metanuclear abnormalities, and genotoxic factor in exfoliated buccal
mucosal cell among the COVID-19 suspected patients.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at
AIIMS, Mangalagiri, between August and October 2022. Methods: One hundred
COVID-19 suspected patients were recruited for this study after obtaining
informed and written consent; buccal smear was obtained and stained for
papanicolaou test (PAP). The PAP-stained slides were analyzed for micronuclei
(MN), pyknotic, karyolytic, and karyorrhexic cell count, respectively. Based on
their reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) report, the patients
were grouped into COVID-19 positive and negative groups. Statistical Analysis:
The genotoxicity factor was calculated using the micronucleated cell count from
both the groups using mean and standard deviation.
Results: The MN, micronucleated cell, pyknotic, karyolitic,
and karyorrhexic cell count in COVID-19 positive patients were 24.12, 15.24,
3.08, 2.88 and 4.40, respectively, than COVID-19 negative patients 5.69, 8.17,
1.08, 1.00 and 2.43, respectively. The genotoxicity factor for SARS-CoV-2 was
2.68 which is a positive genotoxic effect on buccal mucosal cells.
Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 increases the expression of
micronucleated cells, pyknotic cells, karyolytic cells, and karyorhexic cells
and concludes SARS-CoV-2 is having cytogenotoxic effect on the buccal mucosal
cells. This can be used as a reliable marker in identifying the early
carcinogenic effects of virus causing COVID-19.
Author(s) Details:
B Vishnu,
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India.
P K Sankaran,
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/SCVTBC/article/view/13841
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