Traditional medicine has used medicinal plants to treat diseases caused by microorganisms because they contain therapeutic components. The phytochemical analysis of ethanol, methanol, acetone, and aqueous extracts of Ocimum tenuiflorum, as well as its antibacterial activities, were investigated in this review. Shade dried leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum were powdered and extracted with ethanol, methanol, acetone, and water. Preliminary phytochemical screening of crude leaf extracts showed the existence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, anthraquinones, saponins, resins, glycosides, and phenols, among other bioactive compounds. The antibacterial activity of Ocimum tenuiflorum leaf extracts was tested using the agar disc diffusion technique against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella gallinarum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. The maximum zone of inhibition against Salmonella gallinarum was found in an ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum (18.33 0.47 mm). The maximum activity index (2.48 0.30) and increase in fold area (5.22 1.47) for aqueous leaf extract were observed against Escherichia coli. The current study's findings show that Ocimum tenuiflorum can be used as a source of antibiotics to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
Author (s) DetailsDr. S. Thangapandiyan
PG Department of Zoology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore – 641 014, India.
Dr. M. Selvarani
Department of Zoology, Sree Sevugan Annamalai College, Devakottai – 630 303, India.
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