The Rutaceae or rue family is commonly known as the citrus family
and consists of cultivated fruit trees and medicinal herbs. Ruta graveolens L.
is a scandent, highly medicinal herb distributed in various countries around
the globe and has drawn attention due to its ethnomedicinal value. The present work attempted to study the
phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in the leaves, flowers/ seeds in the
natural populations of R. graveolens found in the Biligiriranga hills,
Karnataka, India. The phytochemical
analysis carried out using leaf, flower and seed extracts of R. graveolens
showed the presence of flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. The aqueous extract
(polar solvent) of the leaf showed the presence of flavonoids, steroids and
terpenoids. The fresh extract of (methanol) flowers and seeds showed the
presence of flavonoids and terpenoids. The leaves, flowers and seed extracts
showed the presence of four phytochemicals, namely flavonoids, terpenoids,
steroids and glycosides. The total phenolic content conducted for the hexane
leaf extract was detected at 45.90 µg GAE/g of total phenolics. The ethanol
extract of the leaf contained 134.4 µg GAE/g of total phenolics. The aqueous
extract of the leaf contained 124.34 µg GAE/g of total phenolics, whereas fresh
extract of the flowers and seeds contained 95.71 µg GAE/g of total phenolic
content. High reducing power was found
in the ethanol leaf extract, which was followed by aqueous and hexane extracts.
The highest percentage of radical scavenging activity was found in the
ethanolic extract (94.76% µg/mL) and aqueous extract (89.53% µg/mL). Thin layer
chromatography carried out for the leaf ethanolic and flower/seed methanolic
extracts detected the presence of three phenolic and six flavonoid bands. These
are the phytochemicals implicated in various biological activities. The study
of phytochemicals and antioxidants indicated R. graveolens as a good source of
phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Further,
identification of the phytochemicals is necessary to unravel the type of
phenolic compounds from Ruta species collected in the wild.
Author(s)
Details
Sowmya
S
Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore,
Manasagangothri, Mysore–570 006, Karnataka, India.
Madhuchhanda
Das
Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore,
Manasagangothri, Mysore–570 006, Karnataka, India.
Monnanda
S. Nalini
Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore,
Manasagangothri, Mysore–570 006, Karnataka, India.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v7/5937
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