Orthodontic movement of the teeth is often limited by the
anchorage limit, so much so that absolute anchorage is an essential component
in the treatment of complicated orthodontics. Extra-alveolar temporary
anchorage devices (TADs), such as infrazygomatic crest (IZC) and mandibular
buccal shelf (BS) screws, have been introduced as alternatives to skeletal
anchorage placement within the interradicular area. These implants provide
improved primary stability, minimised risk to adjacent tooth roots, and the capacity
to deliver multi-vector forces. The first group consisted of IZC screws
inserted above the maxillary first molars, followed by BS implants inserted in
the posterior mandible. utilize areas of dense cortical bone for solid
anchorage with high levels of success. The manuscript illustrates the
genealogy, development, classification, design, insertion techniques,
anatomical concerns, and biomechanical rationales of extraalveolar TADs.
Examples are presented emphasising a suitable case selection and the biomechanical
management that these appliances can offer in the treatment of severe
malocclusions, such as Class II and III, anterior open bites and impacted
teeth. They can help accomplish full arch distalization and en-masse
retraction, thus being a useful tool in extraction as well as non-extraction
treatment modality. They force systems allow counter-clockwise and clockwise
moments (which are appropriate for vertical and sagittal corrections)
biomechanically. Clinical considerations, such as Liou and Lin’s IZC insertion
methods, and safety factors including the maxillary sinus and inferior alveolar
nerve, are discussed. Extra-alveolar TADs offer a minimally invasive,
affordable, and extremely stable anchoring solution that significantly
increases the options for orthodontic therapy while lowering the need for
surgical procedures or patient compliance.
Author(s) Details
Dr. ASWATHI SELVARAJ
Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
Dr. MAHALAKSHMI
KRISHNAKUMARAN
Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
Dr. BALAJI KRISHNAN
Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
Dr. MOHAN KUMAR. A.
Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
Dr. SHANTHINI PRIYA.
S.
Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
Dr. DEEPAK PRABHU
Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
Dr. PARAMESWARAN.
T.M.
Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
Dr. ASWINI
SOUNDHARYA. S.
Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
Dr. MUGILAN. A.
Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
Dr. RAJESH RAMAN
Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-990398-4-1
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