Emotional Challenges and Coping Responses of Parents of Intellectually Challenged Children | Chapter 5 | New Ideas Concerning Arts and Social Studies Vol. 5

 

Raising a child who is mentally Retarded requires emotional strength and flexibility. The child has special needs in addition to the regular needs of all children, and parents can find themselves overwhelmed by various medical, caregiving and educational responsibilities. The diagnosis of the child can trigger a range of emotional responses in parents and across family systems, which in turn contribute to some level of psycho-social problems. Support from family, friends, the community, or paid caregivers is critical to maintaining balance in the home. Parents of mentally challenged children commonly experience a gamut of emotions over the years. The aim of the study was to assess the coping strategies of parents of mentally retarded children. Coping Checklist By Kiran Rao, Subukrishna and Prabhu, Coping Check list, (1989) was used to assess the coping. In this study, 250 parents of mentally retarded children were selected through a purposive sampling technique from different MR centres of a selected Urban area of North India. The majority of study subjects' coping strategies scores 99.6% which was average, and the least was 0.4% which was good, but none of them had a poor coping strategies score. Negative distraction, Problem solving and Acceptance/redefinition were adopted more [(mean=3.67 & SD=1.50), (mean=6.89 & SD=1.17) and (mean=8.22 & SD=1.99) respectively] as coping strategies among severe mentally retarded children’s parents as compared to moderate and mild mentally retarded children’s parents. The study concluded that there was a need for support to parents who have severe MR. Raising an intellectually challenged child is very demanding for parents. Health care centres must conduct supportive group counselling for parents' emotional and social well-being.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sapna Singh
Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Nursing, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nicass/v5/6518

Opinions of Key Stakeholders on Support for Pregnant School Learners in North West Province | Chapter 2 | An Overview of Literature, Language and Education Research Vol. 10

Aim: The aim of the study is to explore the opinions of key stakeholders such as school learners, parents, and community nurses regarding learner pregnancy support in schools. The study was conducted at a municipality in North West province, South Africa.

Background: Many girls in schools across the globe are at risk of becoming pregnant before they complete their secondary education. It is considered taboo in many communities for a school-aged girl to become pregnant while still a learner. Pregnant learners are often subjected to challenges such as discrimination by other learners and teachers, lack of academic support, and access to medical help while in school. Coupled with pregnancy-related adversities, pregnant learners require continuous support because they are at risk of dropping out of school.

Methodology: An exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews with learners and community nurses and focus group interviews for parents. The population was sampled purposively, and the sample size was 52 participants, determined by data saturation. 17 interviews were conducted for learners, 4 focus group interviews with 25 participants were conducted for parents, and 10 in-depth interviews were conducted for community nurses. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: Four themes were identified: essential parents’ support, support from local community clinics, nurses’ school visits, and lack of support from other stakeholders. Parents were identified as the inevitable main source of support for pregnant learners. Moreover, nurses in community clinics were not engaging learners in schools; however, youth-friendly services were available at the community clinics. Parents, nurses, teachers, social workers, and the Departments of Health and Education were identified as major stakeholders.

Conclusion: The effectiveness of the learner pregnancy policy has gaps, which might be attributed to the difficulty in involving all essential stakeholders. Stakeholders should all play an important role in supporting pregnant learners. Despite the need for a collaborative effort, community nurses should play a prominent role in school-based sexual and reproductive education, support, and other learner pregnancy prevention activities in clinics and schools.

Recommendations: Parents must identify and guide sexually active learners and direct them to the clinic for sexual and reproductive health services like contraception and family planning. It is expected of community nurses to support pregnant learners facing pregnancy-related difficulties and offer pertinent coping mechanisms.

 

Author (s) Details

Tshiamo N Ramalepa
Department of Nursing Science, School of Healthcare Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.

 

Lucky Letswalo
Department of Nursing Science, School of Healthcare Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aoller/v10/4010

What is the Parents´and Adults´Role in Supporting the Young in their Intimate Relationships? | Chapter 7 | Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 1

 

Love and falling in love is unforgettable for most of the young people. As a magnificent and extremely powerful emotional experience it fascinates, confuses, and hurts; yet, the young dream of it. The theoretical framework shows that falling in love as a fascinating temporary metamorphosis can respond to dreams but provide painful disappointments as well. Creating and upholding human relationships is not easy and social skills develop along with life experiences. Falling in love touches the youngster´s life strongly, but it is also a learning experience that moulds the young people´s identity and self-appreciation. But how could the ability to fall in love be taught? This article discusses what the parents’ and adults’ role is in supporting the young in their intimate relationships. The main findings show how parents should let the young be happy with what life and love can offer and also help the young to foresee crises. Adults should ensure that problems and conflicts belong to emotional human relationships. It is important to encourage youngsters to learn self-appreciation.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Kaarina Määttä (Professor (Emerita))
Faculty of Education, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpassr/v1/741

What is the Parents´and Adults´Role in Supporting the Young in their Intimate Relationships? | Chapter 7 | Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 1

 

Love and falling in love is unforgettable for most of the young people. As a magnificent and extremely powerful emotional experience it fascinates, confuses, and hurts; yet, the young dream of it. The theoretical framework shows that falling in love as a fascinating temporary metamorphosis can respond to dreams but provide painful disappointments as well. Creating and upholding human relationships is not easy and social skills develop along with life experiences. Falling in love touches the youngster´s life strongly, but it is also a learning experience that moulds the young people´s identity and self-appreciation. But how could the ability to fall in love be taught? This article discusses what the parents’ and adults’ role is in supporting the young in their intimate relationships. The main findings show how parents should let the young be happy with what life and love can offer and also help the young to foresee crises. Adults should ensure that problems and conflicts belong to emotional human relationships. It is important to encourage youngsters to learn self-appreciation.

 

Author(s) Details:

Kaarina Määttä
Faculty of Education, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPASSR-V1/article/view/14883

Efficacy of Mindfulness Yoga on Well-Being of Parents Raising Preschool Children at COVID-19 | Chapter 4 | Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 8

Background: Mindfulness parenting is defined as parenting as paying non-judgmental, non-reactive attention to each moment and interaction with the child, such that the parent is aware of the child’s needs in any moment. At COVID-19 pandemic period, parents raising preschool children felt sever stress because they were required to stay home with children.
 
Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness yoga on mood, fatigue, mindfulness attention awareness, and subjective happiness of parents raising preschool children, and the effective factor on subjective happiness of these factors.
 
Methods: Participants were 31 females who were raising preschool children. They practiced mindfulness yoga total 3 times once a week about 60 minutes by online before and after mindfulness yoga, participants filled out the Subjective Happiness scale, the Japanese version of the Mindful Attention Awareness scale (Awareness), the Fatigue Checklist, and the Profile of Mood Scale.
 
Results: The Mood score showing psychological distress or stress significantly decreased (t=3.9, p<.001). The Fatigue score also significantly decreased (t=4.39, p<.001). The Awareness score significantly increased (t=-4.0, p<.001), and the Subjective Happiness score significantly increased after mindfulness yoga (t=-3.09, p<.01). A multiple regression analysis showed that the Awareness was the most effective on Happiness.  Increase of mindful attention and awareness showed that parents paid attention and were aware of child and parents themselves much more than before after mindfulness yoga.
 
Conclusion: These results suggest that mindfulness yoga on line decrease stress and promote well-being of parents raising preschool children at COVID-19 pandemic, and importance of mindful attention awareness for subjective happiness. To prepare next pandemic, we can use mindfulness for stress reduction and happiness for parents and children. It is suggested that Mindfulness yoga is effective to decrease stress and increase well-being of them at COVID-19 pandemic. This program may be useful times (delete) not only at COVID-19 pandemic but also other disasters.

Author(s) Details:

Michiyo Ando,
Department of Child, Faculty of Psychology Counseling, Nishikyusyu University, Saga, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAASS-V8/article/view/14197

Animal-Assisted Therapy: A Survey of Child’s and Parent’s Perception in Reducing Dental Anxiety | Chapter 9 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) is being investigated as an alternate technique to humiliate anxiety and comfort anxious patients. This branch aims to evaluate the impact of pets on threatening the anxiety of kids at the dental operatory, as well as the juveniles's and parents' agreement of this technique. This inquiry-based cross-divided study included 65 toddlers aged 3 to 12 age old and their persons. Using a questionnaire and picture cards, they were judged for anxiety and the impact of pets on tension levels. The Chi-square test was used to statistically examine the dossier. Pets in the dental operatory are useful in threatening anxiety, in accordance with 83.3% of parents and 75.4% of youngsters. Live pets were favored by 58.5% of toddlers but just 33.3% of parents.  Dogs were establish to be the favorite pet of very young kids (31.6%), while rabbits were popular by older youngsters (43.5%). Animal-assisted therapy was confirmed to be persuasive in lowering offsprings's anxiety all the while dental visits.

Author(s) Details:

Bashyam Nalini,
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Chandrabhatla Srinivas Kumar,
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, GITAM Dental College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V1/article/view/10561

Study about Parenting Styles and Academic Achievement: A Theoretical Perspectives | Chapter 5 | Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 9

The present study climaxes the most parents are undertaking authoritative create style compared to other styles. A create style is a method or strategy secondhand in the process of lifting children. This parenting style, that is a psychological construct, shows typical fatherly educational methods. Type of create styles were found to be influences their toddlers’s academic achievement. This study complicated 406 of form 5 students as respondents. The all-inclusive approach-using questionnaires secondhand meet the objectives of this study.  Results concerning this study found that parenting styles trained by parents in accordance with the students' perception is valid style followed by style authoritarian style, permissive, and already neglectful style.  Research form can also include concerning qualities not quantities component, i.e. interviews in order to get a more exhaustive about why persons practice different parenting styles.

Author(s) Details:

Ngu Leh Seng,
Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia.

Zahyah Hanafi,
Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia.

Muhajir Taslikhan,
Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAASS-V9/article/view/10254

Impact of Health Education on Parents’ Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Vaccination at Mouanko, Edea Health District, Cameroon | Chapter 9 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 Background: Vaccination is popular to prevent 2.5 heap deaths done yearly worldwide. However, immunization coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa containing Cameroon is still low due to weak knowledge on immunization.Objective: We aimed at fact-finding the impact of health instruction on parents’ information and attitudes concerning vaccination.Methods: This was a cross localized interventional study which examined the impact of health instruction on parents’ knowledge and stances regarding immunization in the Mouanko Health Area. Participants were selected utilizing the cluster sampling method and were randomly appointed either to an intervention or a control group. The attack was health instruction on vaccination that was executed only to the intervention group after executing a pretest. Data on knowledge and stances was collected utilizing a semi-organized questionnaire. Each correct answer to questions on the questionnaire was likely a point. The knowledge division was scored on 13 and persons who succeed seven points and above were termed knowledgeable while shareholders who cut four points and above on seven were said to have beneficial attitudes. Data was composed from May 13 to June 15, 2019 and analysed using SPSS tale 25.0.  Results: Out of the 270 parents the one participated in the study women were the most depicted (88.9%). Their mean age was 25.4 (SD = 3.9) years and categorized from <21 years (22.2%) to >40 years (11.1%). More than half (53.7%) of the colleagues’ children were in the old range 0 – 6 months. Most of the participants (66.7 %) were wedded, 74.0% had first school and 72.2% had an average monthly revenue of less than 37, 000frs CFA. More than half (61.1%) of the members lived about 5km and more from the immunization centre. Up to 70.0% of the participants had perceived about vaccination, but only 25.0% saw its benefits. Less than half (40.7%) had definite feelings about vaccination.After the mediation, there was a important increase in the proportion of partners who had information on vaccination from 35.0% to 57.6% and from 31.0% to 41.9% for certain attitudes. The p-principles were at 0.001 and 0.012 for knowledge and stances respectively (CI = 95%).Conclusion: The definite change in the intervention group after the invasion indicated the cost-influence of the health instruction.

Author(s) Details:

Enow Vivian Ayamba Eta,
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, BP63 Buea, Cameroon.

Eric Ngala,
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, BP63 Buea, Cameroon.

Thomas Etamba Eta,
Government Bilingual High School Tiko, P.M.B. 00 Tiko, Cameroon.

Gregory Edie Halle Ekane,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, BP63 Buea, Cameroon.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V8/article/view/9033

Threshold for Defining Fever Varies with Age Especially in Children and can be Further Improved Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques: A Multi-site Diagnostic Accuracy Study | Chapter 15 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 Fever is a key prognostic indicator of disease. It is a symptom of viral infections, but it can also be a symptom of bacterial infections that can be treated with medicines. In general, the risk of infection rises with the severity of the fever, although infection is the root cause of fever and the most dangerous aspect of disease. As a result, while determining a fever threshold, the optimal fever threshold should be based on a comparison of the temperature measurement to "real disease or infection as determined by diagnostic tests and a thorough patient examination by a physician or health care professional."

Fever is defined by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the European Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine as a temperature of more than 38.0°C in people of all ages. While the AAP and ECPA recommend a stable temperature of 100.4°F (38.0°C) as a guideline, it delivers a poor prognosis for infections and illness. Herzog et al [1] adopted a different approach, doing an exhaustive examination of the literature to investigate the various cutoff points and determine the lower limit of "fever" and "severe fever" based on the age of the patient.

Design: A multi-site diagnostic accuracy research was undertaken on a total of 894 individuals, 373 of whom were sick, to compare a 'age-based' threshold model with a 'fixed' threshold over 38.0°C.

Methods: A clinical categorization ("healthy" or "sick") completed by a doctor through a comprehensive examination was compared to the 'age-based' and 'fixed' threshold fever determinations.

Results: In all ages, the sensitivity and accuracy of age-based thresholds were found to be superior to set thresholds. Using an ensemble decision tree based Artificial Intelligence system with age and numerous other parameters, the sensitivity and accuracy were shown to improve even more.

Conclusion: Our findings showed that the empirical model proposed by Herzog et al [1] for age-based fever thresholds showed a closer agreement (in terms of sensitivity and accuracy) between fever due to elevated temperatures and illness as identified by a clinical impression from a Health Care Professional. This agreement was also improved by the AI model utilising a decision tree ensemble approach.

Clinical Importance: The framework given by this study will help parents and caregivers make better decisions about whether or not to seek medical help [2]. It will also enable for the treatment of fevers at home rather than having to go to the doctor. As a result, parents' medical bills will be lower, and medical resources will be used more efficiently. Other authors [3], for example, have showed a large cost savings as a result of precise prognosis of newborns with illness or infection.

Author(S) Details

Rajesh S. Kasbekar
Helen of Troy, Inc., Regulatory and Clinical Affairs Department, 400 Donald Lynch Boulevard, Suite 300, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V7/article/view/6602

Perspectives of Hearing Parents of Deaf Children on Learning Kenyan Sign Language | Chapter 01 | Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 9

 The goal of this research was to learn about the difficulties that hearing parents of deaf children have when learning Kenyan sign language.

The study used a case study design and a qualitative research approach based on the interpretive paradigm. To construct a study sample of 177 participants, the researchers utilised a purposive sampling approach. Data was collected using interview schedules, focus group discussion rules, and document analysis instructions. Before being reported, the data was transcribed, categorised, and grouped into themes.

Parents encountered three primary challenges while learning Kenyan sign language, according to the findings: it was too difficult to learn, it was too expensive to learn, and there were no institutions for parents to learn in.

Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy that is Unique: Hearing parents of children with hearing impairments should be supported in learning Kenyan sign language, and parents should make deliberate efforts to learn Kenyan sign language and other modes of communication in order to communicate with their children with hearing impairments, according to the study's recommendations.

Author(S) Details

Rosemary Ogada Luchivya
Faculty of Education, Tom Mboya University College (A Constituent College of Maseno University), Kenya.

Tom Mboya Omolo
Department of Educational Psychology and Science, Rongo University, Kenya.

Sharon Anyango Onditi
Department of Educational Psychology and Science, Rongo University, Kenya.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/STHSS-V9/article/view/5364

Report on the Investigating Factors Associated with Vaccine Hesitancy in Makkah, KSA | Chapter 3 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Vaccine hesitancy is a term often used in the vaccine acceptance debate. Through a study focusing on awareness, attitudes and beliefs among parents of young children, this analysis focuses on the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. In Makkah city, Saudi Arabia, a cross-sectional study was conducted at seven primary schools. In 2017, data was obtained through a computer-based survey of 100 parents of children between the ages of 2 months and 17 years. Responses to the questionnaire were analysed using Minitab. Many parents (292 children in total) agreed on the value of vaccines, the protection of the wellbeing of their children and the prevention of the spread of diseases in the community. Many parents confirmed that their child had received all of the information Suggested Vaccines. Approximately one third of parents said they were hesitant to get their child vaccinated. The factors most commonly stated by these vaccine-hesitant parents were the shortage of vaccination in primary care centres, a fear of adverse effects and vaccine safety. The increasingly 'crowded' vaccine schedules were talked about by other parents. A minority of parents claim that vaccinations in the population have not stopped the spread of the disease (P<0.05). Vaccine hesitancy is a common issue in Saudi Arabia's Makkah. To better understand where, how and why these beliefs are created, more research would be required.

Author(s) Details

Yosra Alhindi
Clinical Pharmacy Department, Pharmacy Collage, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Rana Albarakati
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Umm Al-Qura, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Lujain Almatrafi
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Umm Al-Qura, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Ghaidaa Fatta
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Umm Al-Qura, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Batool Fatani
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Umm Al-Qura, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.


View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/297

Drug Information Provided by Pharmacists; Does It Meet Parents of Autistic Children's Needs? | Chapter 2 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a chronic lifelong neurodevelopmental disability. Medications
such as; atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, stimulant, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and hypnotic
are frequently used in autism to treat coexisting medical or behavioral problems, for instance;
aggression, depression, hyperactivity, sleep disorder, and anxiety. Parents usually depend on
pharmacists as the primary source of drug-related information.
The pharmacists' role is critical in the treatment plan. They provide the parents with essential
information about the safe use of medication prescribed to their children.
Study Objectives: To assess the extent of drug information delivered by pharmacist to parents.
To explore other drug information resources used by parents and to explore the influences of these
resources on parent's decisions in using medication.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 2016. A survey
questionnaire used to assess parent's perceptions about drug information resources. One hundred
responders filled the questionnaire.
Results: 28.72% of information delivered by pharmacists, 17.20% of parents received information
about side effects, in which 15.30% were informed by the pharmacist how to deal with the side effect.
Conclusion: The information delivered by the pharmacist to parents of ASD children about
prescribed medications usage and the side effect is hugely insufficient, and this can affect the safety
measures during medication use that could increase opportunities for medication errors and harmful
results.

Author (s) Details

Abeer M. Alharbi
Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialist Children Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/260