Emotional Challenges and Coping Responses of Parents of Intellectually Challenged Children | Chapter 5 | New Ideas Concerning Arts and Social Studies Vol. 5

 

Raising a child who is mentally Retarded requires emotional strength and flexibility. The child has special needs in addition to the regular needs of all children, and parents can find themselves overwhelmed by various medical, caregiving and educational responsibilities. The diagnosis of the child can trigger a range of emotional responses in parents and across family systems, which in turn contribute to some level of psycho-social problems. Support from family, friends, the community, or paid caregivers is critical to maintaining balance in the home. Parents of mentally challenged children commonly experience a gamut of emotions over the years. The aim of the study was to assess the coping strategies of parents of mentally retarded children. Coping Checklist By Kiran Rao, Subukrishna and Prabhu, Coping Check list, (1989) was used to assess the coping. In this study, 250 parents of mentally retarded children were selected through a purposive sampling technique from different MR centres of a selected Urban area of North India. The majority of study subjects' coping strategies scores 99.6% which was average, and the least was 0.4% which was good, but none of them had a poor coping strategies score. Negative distraction, Problem solving and Acceptance/redefinition were adopted more [(mean=3.67 & SD=1.50), (mean=6.89 & SD=1.17) and (mean=8.22 & SD=1.99) respectively] as coping strategies among severe mentally retarded children’s parents as compared to moderate and mild mentally retarded children’s parents. The study concluded that there was a need for support to parents who have severe MR. Raising an intellectually challenged child is very demanding for parents. Health care centres must conduct supportive group counselling for parents' emotional and social well-being.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sapna Singh
Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Nursing, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nicass/v5/6518

Social Isolation of the Elderly: Current Status, Influencing Factors, and Countermeasures | Chapter 1 | Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 7

Objective: To understand the current status and influencing factors of social isolation among the elderly, and to explore the improving strategies.

Methods: A literature search is used to organize and analyze 40 papers. Firstly, the concept of social isolation, the status of social isolation among the elderly, and its impact on the health and life of the elderly were introduced. Then, the characteristics, influencing factors, and consequences of social isolation among several elderly populations were emphasized. Based on this, the intervention research at home and abroad was compared.

Results: The incidence of social isolation among elderly people abroad is 20.5% to 52.7%, while that in China is 28.4% to 35.9%. Compared with ordinary elderly people living with families, "empty nest elderly", "elderly people who have lost their only child", and elderly people who receive institutional care are more likely to experience social isolation (P<0.001), and their levels of depression are also higher (P<0.001). The influencing factors of social isolation for the elderly are extremely complex, involving multiple levels of physiology, psychology, and society.

Conclusion: Social isolation has a profound impact on the physical and mental health and quality of life of the elderly, and requires comprehensive intervention from multiple aspects such as national and local policies and financial support, facility allocation and environmental creation by communities and social groups, material assistance and emotional support from families, and active participation of elderly people.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Hou Yongmei
Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpassr/v7/2882

Study on Exploring Family Multi-Type Maltreatment, Social Support, and Externalizing and Internalizing Problems among Asian and Asian American College Students | Chapter 9 | Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 5

 Childhood exposure to familial violence has a negative long-term impact on one's life. In Asian communities in the United States and Asian countries, this relationship is understudied. The goals of this study are to look at the long-term effects of maltreatment, such as interparental violence and child maltreatment, on the externalising and internalising problems that Asian and Asian American college students face, as well as to look into the protective effects of social support against the negative effects of family maltreatment. We studied the effects of familial abuse on issue outcomes and the function of social support in a survey of 542 college students from Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, and the United States. Students who were exposed to both types of family maltreatment (i.e., intraparental violence and child maltreatment) had more externalising problems than those who were only exposed to one form of family maltreatment, but there were no differences in internalising behaviours. Social support from parents and peers had direct, not moderating or mediating, effects on externalising and internalising difficulties. Externalizing behaviours were reduced in those who received parental support, while peer support had no effect. Those who received parental and peer support, on the other hand, had lower levels of internalising mental health concerns. Surprisingly, men showed higher signs of mental illness than women. Dual harm worsens behavioural difficulties, yet family support can assist Asian and Asian American college students repair the damage. The link between abuse and negative outcomes was consistent across countries, implying that psychological processes are shared.

Author (S) Details

Yoko Baba
Justice Studies Department, San José State University, San José, CA, U.S.A.

James D. Lee
Faculty Affairs, San José State University, San José, CA, U.S.A.

Michael E. Vallerga
Justice Studies Department, San José State University, San José, CA, U.S.A.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/STHSS-V5/article/view/3283

Monitoring and Assessment of Social and Behavioural Factors Associated with Dental Caries Experience among Adolescent School Children in Bengaluru City, India | Chapter 10 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

Objective: To evaluate the effect of social and behavioral factors on the experience of dental caries among adolescent school children in Bengaluru City, India.

Design of Study: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of the Study: Primary schools of Bengaluru City, between November 2012 and March 2013.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on 11 year old 814 adolescents attending upper primary schools of Bengaluru city and their parents. A separate interview was conducted on behavioral and social factors for adolescent students and parents, respectively. Using mouth mirrors and CPI probes under natural light, dental caries were registered according to WHO criteria. Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis using chi-square tests and t-tests were included in the statistical analysis. Later, logistic regression analysis was performed on the variables.

Results: Dental caries experience of the adolescents studied was associated with social factors such as occupation of the mother (OR=1.9; 95 percent CI=1.3-2.3), presence of social support for mother during adulthood (OR=2.1; 95 percent CI=1.4-2.0), possession of television (TV)/computer at home (OR= 1.6; 95 percent =0.9-3.0); and behavioral factors such as adolescents who consume less than one.  It was also shown that parents giving snacks as a reward to adolescents who fulfill their wishes were strongly associated with adolescent dental caries experience (OR=2.34; 95 percent CI=1.2-3.4) TV influence on snacking, tooth brushing frequency and not using fluoridated dentifrice was also significantly associated with the experience of dental caries.

Conclusion: In shaping more proximal behavioral habits such as snacking among 11-year-old adolescents, social factors such as maternal occupation and social support play an important role. Such interactions eventually affected the experience of dental caries in this age group.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Sushi Kadanakuppe
Department of Public Health Dentistry, V. S. Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India.

Dr. S. S. Hiremath
Department of Public Health Dentistry, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V2/issue/view/20