Analysis of Gallic Acid and Kaempferol in Chloroform and Ethanol Extract of Cassia hirsuta Seeds by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography | Chapter 5 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 5

Background: Cassia hirsuta plant belongs to the family Caesalpiniaceae and is commonly called stinking cassia and hairy senna. It is an alternative to coffee and is also used for stomach troubles, dysentery, abscesses, rheumatism, fever, and other diseases. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with spectrophotometric detection has been widely used for the identification and quantification of phenolics and flavonoids in plant extracts.

 

Aim: The present study's aim was to analyze the gallic acid and kaempferol in chloroform and ethanol extract of Cassia hirsuta seeds by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.

 

Materials and Methods: The plant was collected from Bagalkot, Karnataka, India. In this study, the HPLC analysis of gallic acid and kaempferol was done by selected HPLC methods and these were validated for linearity, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, repeatability, and reproducibility. The corresponding concentration of gallic acid and kaempferol against respective peak area values was determined using the gallic acid and kaempferol calibration curves, respectively.

 

Results: A calibration curve was established for gallic acid and kaempferol by injecting 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 µg/mL of standard solution. In the results, it was found that the linearity was good with regression equations y=36934x-10162 and y=61050x-9395.5 for gallic acid and kaempferol, respectively, and the correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9982 and 0.9992, respectively. Percentage relative standard deviation of 1.6% and 0.71% for gallic acid and kaempferol, respectively, indicates the high precision. Ethanol extract of C. hirsuta shows a high content of both gallic acid and kaempferol as compared to chloroform extract of C. hirsuta.

 

Conclusion: In the present study, gallic acid and kaempferol content were determined in ethanol and chloroform extract of C. hirsuta. The developed HPLC methods have enabled rapid, linear, accurate, and reproducible analysis in these two extracts of C. hirsuta. The developed method can be used for quantitative analysis and quality control of extracts and commercial samples of other species containing gallic acid and kaempferol.

 

Author(s) Details

Mallappa H. Shalavadi
Department of Pharmacology, BVVS’s Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar College of Pharmacy, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

 

V. M. Chandrashekhar
Department of Pharmacology, BVVS’s Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar College of Pharmacy, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

 

I. S. Muchchandi
Department of Pharmacology, BVVS’s Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar College of Pharmacy, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:-https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v5/1309

Assessment of Exchange Rate Volatility Using Garch Models: A Case Study from Indian Markets| Chapter 1 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 7

 

The present study focuses on the time series behaviour of select currencies using GARCH Models. Exchange rate volatility is a useful measure of uncertainty about the economic environment of a country. Various forms of statistical models have been evolved to capture the volatility effect. These models are often applied to estimate the degree of exchange rate instability. Monthly returns of currency prices exhibit aggressiveness and a high degree of interdependence. In particular, generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic GARCH (1, 1) processes fit to data very satisfactorily. A number of statistically compared out-of-sample estimates of monthly return variances are produced. It is discovered that GARCH model-based forecasts are preferable. This model is predicated on the basic assumptions of linearity and dependency.  This paper aims to model the volatility of INR exchange rates against USD for the period from January 2000 to 5 January 2023 using the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models. Both symmetric and asymmetric models have been applied to measure factors that are related to the exchange rate returns such as leverage effect and volatility clustering. Based on the results, the static forecast of GJR-GARCH (1, 1) is the best model for predicting the future pattern for both INR and USD. The sustainability and relative value of a currency fluctuate due to several factors such as changes in demand & supply of goods & services, changes in the cost of the economy, rise & cut of interest rates, fiscal policy, govt.’s anti-inflationary measures, and inflation.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Jagannayaki K.
MBA Department, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500043, India.

 

Sreekanth Yerramilli
Department of Management Sciences, Sun Stone-MRU University, India.

 

Vara Lakshmi Thavva
MBA Department, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500043, India.

Nunna Suresh
MBA Department, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500043, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crbme/v7/129

Analytical Method Validation Parameters (USP/ICH) | Chapter 1 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9

Chemical data has been generated by placing validation into the technique. In an attempt to prevent their misguided use and ensure scientific correctness and consistency among publications, analytical method validation, thinking about the maximum relevant processes for checking the best parameters of analytical methods, and using numerous relevant overall performance indicators, including selectivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), ruggedness, and robustness, are heavily discussed.

Author(s) Details:

V. Siddaiah,
Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V9/article/view/13026

UV and RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Cilnidipine| Chapter 7 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 3

 The current experiment was devised to develop and endorse a simple RP-HPLC methods for determining Cilnidipine. Cilnidipine was quantified utilizing UV spectroscopy. Action separation of Cilnidipine was realized by using a C18 pillar. Mobile phase blend of methanol: water (90:10 v/v) was pressure at the flow of 1 ml/min. Detection At 241 nm, detection was completed activity. In accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization's (ICH) Q2R1 recommendations, confirmation parameters were determined. With a parametric value (r2) of 0.999, the uniformity curve for cilnidipine was linear over the range of 2–10 mg/ml.  The plan was noticed to be correct (101.66% recovery), exact (intraday, 1.65 and inter epoch, 1.38) and robust (% RSD was premeditated to be 0.66, 0.58 and 0.81 for alternative in mobile phase arrangement, wave length and flow speed respectively) for the reasoning of Cilnidipine. The developed system has successfully achieved all validation tests and can be used to estimate the attendance of cilnidipine in both drug formulations and bulk.

Author(s) Details:

Biswajit Samantaray,
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India.

Satish Kanhar,
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India.

Ashirbad Nanda,
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V3/article/view/9112

Developing an Analytical Method and Validation for Estimation of Residual Solvents in Gliclazide Using Gas Chromatography| Chapter 4 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 The current work discusses developing a novel method for estimating residual solvents in gliclazide using gas chromatography and determining its consistency, reliability, and reproducibility through validation. A Gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector, column DB-624 (60 m x 0.32 mm x 1.8 µm) with Nitrogen as carrier gas was used and the column temperature was 40°C (hold for 15 mins) and increased to 240°C at 20°C per min. According to the protocol, the solutions were made using N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) diluent and suitably administered in the order specified. System appropriateness, Specificity, Linearity and Range, Accuracy, Precision, Limit of Detection, Limit of Quantitation, Ruggedness and Robustness were the validation parameters examined. Each validation parameter's test data has been compiled and documented. It was discovered that each parameter's results were combined with the specified acceptance criteria. As a result, the established method was regarded as reproducible, reliable, and consistent. The analysis method was determined to be dependable, consistent, and reproducible. It conforms with all parameters examined.

Author(s) Details:

Burhanuddin Madriwala,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru - 560054, Karnataka, India.

Judy Jays,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru - 560054, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V9/article/view/8673

A Detailed Uncertainty Analysis of the Displacement Sensors with Three-point Method | Chapter 1 | New Ideas Concerning Science and Technology Vol. 9

 We investigated an autonomous zero-difference calibration method in the three-point method using three displacement sensors for measuring surface straightness (i.e. the difference between zero values of each sensor probe, which introduces a significant error to the measurement values). The following is a description of the calibration procedure. (1) For calibration of the zero-difference between the three sensors, a simple disc gauge made by a CNC turning unit, etc. is used. (2) the gauge for the disc rotates a few times and travels parallel to three built-in displacement sensors in a holder. (3) At each predetermined movement of the sensors, the geometrical parameters between the sensors and the disc gauge are simultaneously acquired, and the zero-differences are calculated by our established algorithm. The three-point approach is used in this paper to suggest a detailed uncertainty study of the displacement sensors of a surface straightness measurement device using a simple mathematical method. The linearity, sensitivity, zero-value, and repeatability of the sensor measurements are considered the key uncertainty components. The coefficient elements of the uncertainty, in particular. The impact of components arising from the systematic effect, which cannot be reduced to zero even if both the sampling number for calibrating the device and that for measuring the shape of an object surface are rendered infinitely high, on measurement uncertainty is investigated. With some numerical simulations, the derivation and analysis of the equation that describes the extended uncertainty U of the measured form considering the above uncertainty components are studied in detail.

Author (s) Details
 
Ikumatsu Fujimoto
Okuwa Technical Research Center, Yamaguchi, Japan

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICST-V9/issue/view/56