Developing an Analytical Method and Validation for Estimation of Residual Solvents in Gliclazide Using Gas Chromatography| Chapter 4 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 The current work discusses developing a novel method for estimating residual solvents in gliclazide using gas chromatography and determining its consistency, reliability, and reproducibility through validation. A Gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector, column DB-624 (60 m x 0.32 mm x 1.8 µm) with Nitrogen as carrier gas was used and the column temperature was 40°C (hold for 15 mins) and increased to 240°C at 20°C per min. According to the protocol, the solutions were made using N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) diluent and suitably administered in the order specified. System appropriateness, Specificity, Linearity and Range, Accuracy, Precision, Limit of Detection, Limit of Quantitation, Ruggedness and Robustness were the validation parameters examined. Each validation parameter's test data has been compiled and documented. It was discovered that each parameter's results were combined with the specified acceptance criteria. As a result, the established method was regarded as reproducible, reliable, and consistent. The analysis method was determined to be dependable, consistent, and reproducible. It conforms with all parameters examined.

Author(s) Details:

Burhanuddin Madriwala,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru - 560054, Karnataka, India.

Judy Jays,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru - 560054, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V9/article/view/8673

Study on Nonlinear Internal Model Control Based Neural Networks: An Application to MIMO Non-Square Systems | Chapter 3 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 4

 Internal Model Control (IMC) of discrete under-actuated and over-actuated non-linear systems is the subject of this book chapter. Because of their complexity, non-square systems create a number of challenges in terms of control. As a result, synthesising a non-linear internal controller is challenging. The proposed solution then combines the IMC structure with neural networks to make it easier to realise an approximate inverse of the non-linear model of the process to be controlled.

A neural network can be introduced in the internal model controller of the basic IMC structure using two methods: direct and indirect. To reflect the system's inverse dynamics, the neural network is trained using the direct method with the system's input/output data. The neural network depicts the system dynamics in the indirect method. For both overactuated and underactuated systems, the simulation results are satisfactory, demonstrating the efficiency of the suggested control technique in guaranteeing satisfactory nominal and robust performance.

Author(S) Details

Imen Saidi
Laboratory of Research in Automatic Control, University of Tuins El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.

Islem Bejaoui
Laboratory of Research in Automatic Control, University of Tuins El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.

Nahla Touati
Laboratory of Research in Automatic Control, University of Tuins El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V4/article/view/5103

SVD based Audio Watermarking Algorithm Using Dual Watermark for Copyright Protection | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 5

 Because of the flexibility of Internet technology, concerns regarding the security of digital data have arisen. The art of masking crucial data in digital audio is known as digital audio watermarking. This study discusses a new methodology for improving the resilience of the Digital Audio Watermarking technique, which is based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD).   Objectives: Using subjective and objective measures, create an audio watermarking method in the transform domain and improve the performance of the proposed technique against common signal processing attacks such as filtering, introducing noise, resampling, re-quantization, and volume scaling.   Findings: Multiple watermarks (Image -64 X 64 pixels and text) are encoded in the estimated coefficients of the Discrete Wavelet Transform of an audio signal in this approach. For decomposition, the Haar wavelet is utilised, and SVD is used to obtain the Eigen values of the estimated coefficients of the audio signal. Experiments show that watermarked audio has the same perceptual quality as unwatermarked audio. Objective measurements such as Signal to Noise ratio, Peak signal to Noise ratio, Bit error rate, Normalized Cross correlation, and others are used to assess the proposed work's performance. Furthermore, simulation findings on audio signals show that the proposed scheme's capacity is significantly higher than that of existing watermarking approaches. Furthermore, the suggested approach is tested against various attacks using diverse audio signals such as classical, instrumental, flute, pop, and rock.

Author (S) Details

Mangal Patil

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University College of Engineering BVDUCOE, Dhanakwadi, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

J. S. Chitode

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University College of Engineering BVDUCOE, Dhanakwadi, Pune, Maharashtra, India..      

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V5/article/view/4110

Study on Reliability Design of the Hinge Kit System Subjected to Repetitive Loading in a Commercial Refrigerator | chapter 5 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 3

 This chapter introduces parametric accelerated life testing (ALT) as a systematic reliability method for producing reliability quantitative (RQ) specifications—mission cycle—for identifying missing design defects in mechanical products such as a commercial refrigerator's hinge kit system (HKS). It consists of the following elements: (1) a parametric ALT plan based on the system BX lifetime, (2) a fatigue failure and design, (3) customized ALTs with design alternatives, and (4) an assessment of whether the system's most recent design(s) meet the objective BX lifetime. We propose a BX life concept, a generalized life-stress model, and a sample size equation. Return analysis was used to identify failure sites in the HKS. products obtained from the field The first ALT confirmed a failure that occurred at the HKS housing after the new HKS's lifetime was targeted to be B1 10 years. The lack of support ribs in the original design of the HKS housing for the refrigerator was one of the missing design parameters. Based on the action plan, the supporting structure of HKS in the refrigerator was modified. Cracks were discovered in a second ALT generated in the torsional shaft. The HKS torsional shaft lacked the strength to withstand repetitive stresses due to its squared off corners. As a result of the ALTs, the shaft was modified. The redesigned HKS now has a guaranteed lifetime of B1 10 years. During the design phase, the design methods - load analysis and three ALTs - were very effective in identifying the missing design parameters. The robust design method described in this paper could be applied to other mechanical systems.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Seongwoo Woo
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia.

Dr. Dennis L. O’Neal
School of Engineering and Computer Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7356, USA.

Demise Molawork
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia.

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V3/article/view/1852