A Critical Analysis of Challenges and Opportunities for Circular Economy Adoption in Solid Waste Management: The Case of Garissa Township, Kenya | Chapter 01 | Current Research on Geography, Earth Science and Environment Vol. 5

 

Background: Globally, the transition toward circular economic systems is regarded as essential for addressing resource depletion and climate change. Solid waste management continues to pose major challenges in developing countries due to rapid urbanisation and population growth. Although circular economy strategies have been successfully implemented in many developed countries, smaller municipalities like Garissa lack the necessary infrastructure, policy frameworks, and institutional support to facilitate the transition to circular waste management systems.

Aim: This study examines determinants of circular-economy adoption and their collective influence on sustainable solid-waste management in Garissa Township, Kenya.

Methodology: The study was conducted in Garissa Township, Kenya, specifically across the four administrative wards of Iftin, Township, Galbet, and Waberi. A descriptive research design using a mixed-methods approach was adopted. Data collection was carried out among households, private solid waste collectors, and officials from the Department of Environment and Waste Management. The fieldwork took place over a six-month period, between April and September 2019. The study included a total of 330 respondents from the four wards, comprising adult household heads, county waste management officials, and registered private waste collectors. Individuals below 18 years, non-residents, and those not directly involved in waste management were excluded. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, with descriptive statistics such as frequencies and means, and supplemented with inferential tests like chi-square to explore variable relationships. Qualitative data from interviews and discussions were analysed thematically to identify key patterns and insights.

Results: Results show a largely female-headed household profile (60.3%) with low formal education (28.9%), while private collectors were predominantly male, aged 31–40 and tertiary educated. Technology was seen to improve recycling efficiency (50%), safety (25%) and cost reduction (25%), but adoption remains under 20% due to financial and technical constraints. Critical service gaps include 49.8% of households without dustbins, 40% of collection routes becoming impassable, and one landfill serving ~80,000 residents. Perceived opportunities scored highly for health (4.68) and employment (4.06), whereas major barriers were inadequate infrastructure (4.42), limited funding (4.35) and weak policy enforcement (2.18).

Conclusion: Garissa has significant potential for circular-economy transition, but success requires targeted infrastructure investment, stronger policy frameworks, technology support and community education to convert attitudes into scalable practice.

 

 

 

 

Author(s) Details :-

 

ADEN, Ibrahim Mohamed
School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, United Kingdom.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crgese/v5/6801

An Overview of Community Pharmacy in Malanje City, Angola: Service Quality and Safety Measurements | Chapter 06 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Background and Aim: This study aimed to describe the community pharmacies in the city of Malanje, focusing on staff, facilities and equipment, to propose actions that can be implemented to improve the quality of services, and consequently the safety of the population. A community pharmacy, sometimes referred to as a retail pharmacy, is the most prevalent kind of pharmacy where customers can obtain prescription drugs and health-related information. Good pharmacy practices must be followed, and this starts with the environment in the community pharmacy and the credentials of the employees who work there.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Through a simple random sampling technique, 20 pharmacies were selected from a universe of 73 reported by official authorities.

Results: No pharmacist was acting in the local pharmacies, and their activity was supported by other professionals, particularly intermediate nursing technicians (57%). The majority of pharmacies were located in peri-urban areas, and Angolan legislation was not followed in the functional areas, utilities, or equipment they used. Furthermore, it was noted that certain medications that are not available over-the-counter were distributed. The conclusion is that community pharmacies in Malanje operate illegally, which poses a serious threat to the observance of pharmacy service requirements.

 

Author(s) Details :-

 

Bernardo Nicodemo Chimbuco
Department of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute, Rainha Njinga a Mbande University, Malanje 0000251, Angola.

Mateus Alfredo Ferreira
Department of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute, Rainha Njinga a Mbande University, Malanje 0000251, Angola.

Euclides Nenga Manuel Sacomboio
Department of Scientific Research and Postgraduate Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Agostinho Neto University, Luanda 0000222, Angola.

Eduardo Ekundi-Valentim
Department of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute, Rainha Njinga a Mbande University, Malanje 0000251, Angola.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/6835E

Discussing Infrastructure Deficit and Impact on Mental Health in Zambia |Book Publisher International

 

Aim: This book attempts to examine the critical role that physical health infrastructure and associated facilities play in the delivery of effective integrated primary health care services to mental patients in Zambia. The working definition for ‘physical infrastructure’ in the entire book relates to wider capacities that facilitate effective operations of a health facility in the form of hospital buildings, bed spaces, medical equipment, and professional healthcare personnel, among other related elements.

 

Background: The interrogation of the political commitment and unavailability of robust infrastructure development, in the context of Zambia’s integrated health care system, forms the nucleus of the argument in this discourse.

 

Methodology: The arguments presented here are derived from both quantitative and qualitative data pulled from various sources to map out the debate around the impact of inadequate infrastructure facilities on mental health patients in Zambia’s health system.

 

Findings: Inadequate health infrastructure facilities have had a negative impact on the well-being of mental health patients and other sectors of the Zambian society. Without undermining the existing government’s efforts to establish the facilities around the country, Zambia has only one and yet ill-resourced main hospital, offering mental health services. This hospital has been overwhelmed by a combination of insufficient infrastructure, as understood in holistic terms, and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The argument is that a system that does not include these elements, does not represent the demographics of the country and their variegated social problems. If mental patients do not adequately and freely access the services that they deserve, they are gripped with a sense of marginalization by the Ministry of Health and its cooperating partners.

 

Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice, and Policy: For the health reforms to be effective in Zambia, it is recommended that a conceptual integrated health system be anchored on the universal allocation of adequate resources and operationalization of mental health policies. This will enable us to genuinely connect with social determinants of mental health issues within communities. Also, the involvement of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in providing an interface between communities and governments should be supported by organizational or multi-institution capacity and coordination. A systems theory has informed the framework under which this book systematically advocates for a robust infrastructure development programme for mental health care services.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kapumpe Chilufya
Psychology Association of Zambia, Zambia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48119-18-6

Households’ Role in Community-Driven Infrastructure Development: A Case Study of Ondo State, Nigeria | Chapter 7 | New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 2

Community-Driven Development (CDD) treats the people and their institutions as partners and assets in the community development process while inefficiency or lacking Infrastructure impedes the growth of economic and social-related ventures in communities. This paper explores the contribution of residents/households to communal efforts in the provision and maintenance of community infrastructure in Ondo State, Nigeria. This includes investigation into project identification, financial contribution, approaches to community development, effects of households’ action and quality of support among others. With a survey approach, three hundred and seventy (370) households were selected across the state in a multistage sampling process to administer a well-structured open and close-ended questionnaire; using residential buildings as sampling units. Six (6) urban and rural settlements were targeted for the data gathering across the three (3) senatorial districts of the state. Major findings established a high involvement in project identification and availability as labourers for general infrastructure provision. Dominant infrastructure support was in connection with electricity provision, road maintenance and water provision (in the form of boreholes and wells). Financial constraints limited road “engagement” due to the high cost of macadam surfacing. As part of the recommendations, transparency and accountability by community organisations are proposed to further encourage financial donations by residents. Also, International Organisations are encouraged to focus more on road construction in rural communities and poorly accessed areas of urban centres to make up for residents’ inability to fund such projects.

 

Author (s) Details

 

J.A.B. Olujimi
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

A.A. Emmanuel
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

O.O. Simon-Oke
Department of Economics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

F.C. Arowosafe
Department of Ecotourism and Wildlife Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

O.O. Popoola
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

T. Akinbode
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

 

 Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nabme/v2/4181

An Overview of Community Pharmacy in Malanje City, Angola: Service Quality and Safety Measurements | Chapter 6 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Background and Aim: This study aimed to describe the community pharmacies in the city of Malanje, focusing on staff, facilities and equipment, to propose actions that can be implemented to improve the quality of services, and consequently the safety of the population. A community pharmacy, sometimes referred to as a retail pharmacy, is the most prevalent kind of pharmacy where customers can obtain prescription drugs and health-related information. Good pharmacy practices must be followed, and this starts with the environment in the community pharmacy and the credentials of the employees who work there.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Through a simple random sampling technique, 20 pharmacies were selected from a universe of 73 reported by official authorities.

Results: No pharmacist was acting in the local pharmacies, and their activity was supported by other professionals, particularly intermediate nursing technicians (57%). The majority of pharmacies were located in peri-urban areas, and Angolan legislation was not followed in the functional areas, utilities, or equipment they used. Furthermore, it was noted that certain medications that are not available over-the-counter were distributed. The conclusion is that community pharmacies in Malanje operate illegally, which poses a serious threat to the observance of pharmacy service requirements.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Bernardo Nicodemo Chimbuco
Department of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute, Rainha Njinga a Mbande University, Malanje 0000251, Angola.

 

Mateus Alfredo Ferreira
Department of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute, Rainha Njinga a Mbande University, Malanje 0000251, Angola.

 

Euclides Nenga Manuel Sacomboio
Department of Scientific Research and Postgraduate Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Agostinho Neto University, Luanda 0000222, Angola.

 

Eduardo Ekundi-Valentim
Department of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute, Rainha Njinga a Mbande University, Malanje 0000251, Angola.

 

Please See the book here :-https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v7/6835E

Study about Mobile Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks In Medium Access Control Protocol | Chapter 10 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 8

 This paper focuses on news access pacts for ad hoc wireless networks. A Mobile Ad Hoc Network is a accumulation of wireless hosts that can be quickly erected as a multihop packet radio network outside the need for any settled infrastructure or concentrated administration. Ad hoc wireless network knots share a common broadcast wireless channel. The radio spectrum is restricted, as is the bandwidth free for communication in specific networks. Access to this shared medium concede possibility be controlled for fear that all nodes get a fair share of the vacant bandwidth what it is used capably. Since the characteristics of the wireless medium are entirely different from those of the connected medium ,and since impromptu wireless networks need to address unique issues in the way that node maneuverability, limited frequency range availability ,error-likely broadcast channel hidden and unprotected terminals problems and capacity constraints that are not applicable to connected networks ,a different set of pacts is required for ruling access to the shared medium in aforementioned networks.

Author(s) Details:

T. Bhuvaneswari,
Department of computer Science, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Atul Dattatrya Newase,
Department of computer Science, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V8/article/view/10213

Investigating the Causal Relationship between Transportation Infrastructure and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Saudi Arabia| Chapter 1 | Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 9

 The transport subdivision is an essential factor of business-related activity, as it contributes straightforwardly to economic projects and employment. Indirectly, the highway impacts all the other sectors and exercises in the economy. High-bulk transport infrastructure and very connected road networks are signs of high levels of incident. The study aims to analyze the duty of the transport sector in Saudi Arabia's development. It still looks into the links 'tween road land and Saudi Arabia's financial development. The study is based on subordinate data acquired from the World Bank and Saudi Arabia Monetary Agency between 1988 and 2017. The friendship between the variables and the Akiake Lag Length Selection Information Criteria was examined utilizing the Granger causality test. A Vector Autoregression (VAR) model was working to establish origin. The outcome reveals unidirectional origin from real GDP to the boulevard; however, skilled is no evidence to support that transportation infrastructure is the cause of business-related growth. Granger origin from GDP to investment in foundation indicates that reinvestment in infrastructure is made by economic progress, not vice versa. Economic tumor put additional strain on existent transportation foundation, necessitating supplementary investment. The finding is compatible with the widely grasped belief that business-related growth or development offers the necessary financial and mechanics support for transportation foundation investment and improvement.

Author(s) Details:

Ghadda M. Awad Yousif,
Faculty of Business and Administration, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CABEF-V9/article/view/9294

Keywords: Transportation, causality, road, real growth domestic product, infrastructure, economic growth

Study on Implementation of Cloud Computing in Education: A Revolution | Chapter 13 | Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 5

 To ride the inevitable tide of change, innovation is required, and cloud computing is one such hot current area of research in Information Technology (IT). Cloud computing is a distributed computing technique that makes software and hardware available over the Internet. It also provides storage, a computational platform, and infrastructure that the user requests based on their needs. Organizations must spend a significant amount of money on their infrastructure to meet the needs and demands of its consumers due to the growing demand for infrastructure educational establishments. Cloud computing is a next-generation platform that provides institutions and businesses with access to dynamic pools of resources while also lowering costs through better usage. Many educational institutions are currently dealing with issues related to the increased demand for IT and infrastructure. Cloud computing, a new technology that builds on current technologies like the Internet, virtualization, and grid computing, can help solve such difficulties by providing the necessary infrastructure, software, and storage. Developing a cloud architecture for education might vary depending on the institution's goal and infrastructure, and it can be difficult. A fundamental research was conducted in this paper to highlight how cloud computing may be used in education to improve teaching, agility, and have a cost-effective infrastructure that can bring about a revolution in the field of education. It also seeks to highlight its advantages and disadvantages.

Author(S) Details

Saju Mathew
Nellimoottil Grace Villa, Maruthamonpally, Pooyappally (P.O), Kollam (Dist), Kerala State – 691537, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMRCS-V5/article/view/4978

A Methodological Exploration for Estimating Economic Effectiveness of Economic Infrastructure | Chapter 11 | Modern Perspectives in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 1

 Economic development necessitates the construction of economic infrastructure. To this purpose, the theoretical underpinning for measuring the efficacy of economic infrastructure must be revealed, as well as the methodology for estimating the effectiveness must be established. There have been a number of qualitative and quantitative research that look into the economic impact of infrastructure up until now. However, it's hard to conclude that a methodology for assessing such effectiveness has been agreed upon. The purpose of this essay is to address methodological issues that arise when measuring infrastructure effectiveness in terms of economic, physical-value, and spatio-temporal factors. The paper's first section looks at theoretical issues with estimating the effectiveness of economic infrastructure. The authors do this by analysing previous studies on economic infrastructure as an economic notion and then systematising its specific features and roles in a novel method. The major metrics and technique for measuring the efficacy of economic infrastructure are presented in the second section. In this part, the authors provide a methodology for measuring the space-time effectiveness of economic infrastructure by using several indicators linked to physical and value aspects. The findings show that economic infrastructure's contribution to the economy is linked to its economic effectiveness; however, the economic contents of these concepts are not the same, so it's more reasonable to estimate economic effectiveness using a benefit-to-cost approach rather than a functional approach. This research could help governments and investors make better decisions about infrastructure spending.

Author (S) Details

Gwang-Nam Rim
Statistics Department, Faculty of Economics, Kim Il Sung University, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.

Chol-Ju An
Foreign Trade Department, Faculty of Economics, Kim Il Sung University, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MPEBM-V1/article/view/2026

Assessment of the Capability of Poultry Association of Nigeria for Extension Services Delivery to Poultry Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria | Chapter 13 | Research and Development in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 

Poultry farming in Nigeria creates business opportunity for entrepreneurs and provides employment.
The small scale poultry producers are responsible for the bulk of poultry production in Nigeria. The
findings revealed that 63.7% of the respondents were males within the age bracket of 40-50 years
and were literate. Extension services delivery to poultry farmers by Kwara State Agricultural
Development Project, government extension agency, was grossly inadequate to meet knowledge and
skills required for cost-effective poultry production on account of high extension agent/farmers ratio.
PAN in Kwara State has a meeting hall that is suitable for training and a chapter in 9 out of the
existing 16 local government areas (LGAs.) of the State. The association financed the trainings
through the annual dues and levies paid by members which showed the level of preparedness of
members to pay for extension services. It was concluded that PAN has optimum human and material
resources for extension services delivery to its members. The number of trainings and farm visits
organized by the association could be improved upon if PAN accesses other sources of funding.

Author (s) Details

I. F. Ayanda
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Services, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/266