Background: Lung cancer is by far the leading fatal cancer in both men and women, compared to prostate, colon and rectum. Both the neoplastic lesions and non-neoplastic lesions (obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases and occupational lung diseases) cause significant morbidity.
Aims: The aims are to study the spectrum of non-neoplastic and
neoplastic lesions of the lung and to study the incidence of lung cancers with
reference to age, gender, lifestyle and occupation.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study
done over a period of 2 years (May 2009 to April 2011) in the Department of
Pathology, GGH, Guntur. A total of 52 lobectomy specimens were studied.
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded H & E stained tissue sections were studied.
Special stains (Gomorri’s methenamine silver stain and Periodic acid Schiff)
were done whenever necessary. Immunohistochemistry was done in diagnostically
difficult cases. Multistep procedure (sandwich method) was followed using a
biotinylated universal secondary antibody and a third layer of streptavidin,
horse radish peroxidase complex and finally 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB)
chromogen was used to develop colour at the site of antibody binding.
Results: Neoplasms constituted 38.4% of total lobectomy lesions.
The majority of lung tumors occurred in the fifth and sixth decades. The
Male-Female sex ratio was 4:1. On chest x-ray/CT scan chest, the majority of
lung tumors presented as mass lesions. The right side of the lung was more
commonly affected than the left. Cigarette smoking was the major etiological
factor in the causation of lung carcinomas. Among the primary tumors,
adenocarcinoma constituted the largest group followed by squamous cell
carcinoma. One case of synchronous lung tumor is reported in the study in a
60-year-old male patient while one case of pulmonary hydatid cyst is reported
in an 11-year-old female patient.
Conclusion: From the present study, it is concluded that
adenocarcinoma is now the most common lung carcinoma in all races and sex
groups. There was a strong association between lung cancer and smoking. Chest
radiographs and CT scan aid in the diagnosis and anatomical localisation of
lung tumor. Tuberculosis was the most common infection of the lung in both
males and females.
Author
(s) Details
Sumalatha Kasturi
Department of Pathology, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences,
Suraram, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Santhosh Babu Rendla
Department of Radiology, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences,
Suraram, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v7/4474
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