The Parametric and Nonparametric Estimations of Normal Distribution for Mean Parameter | Chapter 12 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 This stage's objective describes the point and pause estimations on the mean that is a part of life after death parameter of sane distribution. The mean represents the allocation's central locale or average, while the standard deviation measures the spread or instability of the data.   Point estimation includes providing a specific advantage to estimate a population limit. The interval estimation supplies a range or interval of principles to estimate a population parameter, named a confidence pause. These estimations are estimated for one parametric method by using the maximum prospect, Bayesian, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo procedures. The nonparametric method consists of the start operating system and the Jackknife arrangements. Maximum likelihood is the familiar method to approximate parameters cause there are the characteristics of the unbiased estimator, consistency, and adeptness estimator. The Bayesian method is a mathematical approach based on feasibility, prior, and posterior distribution. The Markov Chain Gambling establishment technique influences Markov chains and random sampling to estimate complex anticipation distributions and involves the Bayesian method. The start operating system and Jackknife forms are the resampling techniques by repeatedly illustration samples from the available dossier.

Author(s) Details:

Autcha Araveeporn,
Department of Statistics, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok-10520, Thailand.

Somsri Banditvilai,
Department of Statistics, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok-10520, Thailand.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V7/article/view/12883

Modeling for COVID-19 Infections and Deaths in Tamil Nadu, India, Using Panel Regression Model | Chapter 11 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 The impacts of the coronavirus ailment 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have existed extremely severe, accompanying both business-related and health crises knowledgeable worldwide. The occurrence of novel COVID-19 infections dramatically raised due to the omission of antiviral medications and vaccines, resulting in colossal economic misfortunes, panic, and many deaths. Based on the committee regression model, this study checked the trends and correlations in the number of COVID-19-connected deaths and the number of COVID-19-polluted cases in all 37 regions of the Tamil Nadu state in India in Noble 2020. The fixed belongings model had the most excellent R2 profit of 78% and exhibited meaningful results. The slope coefficient was also well effective, appearance a considerable variation in the connection between new COVID-19 cases and afterlife. Additionally, for every whole increase in COVID-19-infected instances, the afterlife rate increased by 0.02%. The main issue with this model is that it acted not differentiate middle from two points the various districts or warn us whether the overall COVID-19 humanness response to the explanatory changing over time was constant across all neighborhoods.

Author(s) Details:

Rajarathinam Arunachalam,
Department of Statistics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-627 012, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V7/article/view/12882

Construction of Optimal Super Saturated Design | Chapter 10 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

 This episode discuss the new procedure of constructing Optimum Super Saturated design established 3n -factorial design by merging few of the treatment alliances, deleting control and different unimportant treatment alliances in 3n-factorial design. Also the to find the effectiveness of the constructed design and to find the it’s lower bound advantage.

Author(s) Details:

Rajarathinam, A.,
Department of Statistics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-627012, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V7/article/view/12881

Pursuit Over Detaching Threshold on Blast Domination Number of Graphs | Chapter 9 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

Maddened by scores of triple affiliated domination parameters, currently the concept of Blast Control Number was introduced by A. Ahila et.al., which received its sensitive applications in blasting mines, quarries, and sensor districts. A subset S of V of a non-meaningless connected graph G is named a Blast dominating set (or) BD-set, if S is a related dominating set and the induced substitute graph 〈V-S〉 is threefold connected. The least cardinality consumed all such Blast Controlling sets is called the Blast Subjection Number (BDN) of G and is denoted by γtcc (G). The investigations over this limit pull out allure wide applications in each supplementary diagram theoretical concepts. Immediately by the composite appliances of removal of lines, the study simplified towards higher requests. The force of the special effects of forbiddance of a node or flattery or more, on any graph theoretical parameter has attractive applications in the foundation of network, both constructively and economically. And therefore, over the extensive cases of the Blast domination number, this article causes out the vibrant revolutionize of the parameter by unlinking. The theoretic possessions of Blast domination number and allure accurate values for few customary graphs are derivative by unlinking process. The relations between Blast control number of a graph and the belongings of unlinking are also pragmatic.

Author(s) Details:

A. Ahila,
Department of Mathematics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education - Deemed to be University, Virudhunagar-626 126, Tamilnadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V7/article/view/12880

Construction of Balanced Incomplete Block Designs with Binary and Ternary Variance | Chapter 8 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

This member proposes a new method for building binary and having three of something variance balanced unfinished block designs based on the Kronecker merchandise of two Hadamard matrices and unreduced well-proportioned Balanced Unfinished Block Design.  Method 1 discusses the explanation of binary variance equalized block designs using the Kronecker production of two Hadamard matrices, and method 2 debates the constructions of ternary difference balanced block design using the complete symmetrical, balanced wanting block design with the limits v = b, r = k = v −1, λ = v – 2 . The optimality of the constructed binary and having three of something designs has been intentional with numerical models, and the constructed designs were erect to be universally optimum. The built design is significant cause it lowers the cost and duration of the test process, increases the accuracy and efficiency of the exploratory results, and enables a set of exploratory treatments requiring lean observations expected compared to a full block design.

Author(s) Details:

Rajarathinam A.,
Department of Statistics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-627 012, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V7/article/view/12879

Customer Segmentation Using R-Studio | Chapter 7 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

Client segmentation is the process of dividing consumers into groups based on common traits. Segmentation is one of the key facets of business decision group providing support to members. In order to grow the business cleverly in competitive market, identification of potential client should be done up-to-date. It can help a business to better understand allure target audience. Separation helps marketers to be more efficient in conditions of time, money and added resources. customer separation allows companies to discover about their customers. Regression reasoning plays a key role in customer segmentation. By accumulating the previous sales, device, customers information individual can improve their company tumor on a wider range and R studio is secondhand for data visualization.

Author(s) Details:

R. Srilatha,
Department of Mathematics, VNRVJIET, Hyderabad, India.

M. Sridevi,
Department of Mathematics, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Hyderabad, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V7/article/view/12878

Comparative Overview on Standard and Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Renal Calculi | Chapter 10 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 The objective of the study search out find out patch test alacrity rate in the specific domain in patients with doubtful allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) for fear that proper management of the cases can be finished. Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory condition of the skin following in position or time exposure to any exogenic substance. It maybe classified as irritant contact rash (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). For judging the patch test positivity rate, a cross-localized study was arranged in Wise person Gandhi Hospital. This was done over a ending of 3 months duration from March-Can 2016. The number of participation was 68 the one were suspected of contact dermatitis. All the sufferers were patch tested using the Aboriginal american Standard Series consisting of twenty coarse contact allergens which is certified by Contact and Occupational Dermatoses Forum of India (CODFI). Ultimate common allergen establish to be helpful in both males and women was Parthenium followed by fragrance join. Patch testing should be observed in mind when dealing with cases of doubtful ACD, anogenital dermatitis, delayed sensitivity type cutaneous adverse drug reactions and particular site never-ending dermatitis.

Author(s) Details:

Manu Muraleedharan Kamalakshi,
Department of Urology, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Vasantharaja Ramasamy,
Department of Urology, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Darsan Sadasivan,
Department of Urology, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Sunil Raveendran,
Department of Urology, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Selvam Paramasivam,
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Government Medical College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Venugopal Ganapathy,
Department of Urology, Government Medical College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V9/article/view/12854

Analysis of Patch Test Results in both Paediatric and Adult Population with Suspected Allergic Contact Dermatitis and its Utility in Clinical Practice | Chapter 9 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

The objective of the study search out find out patch test zeal rate in the specific domain in patients with doubtful allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) because proper management of the sufferers can be finished. Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory condition of the skin subsequently exposure to any exogenic substance. It maybe classified as irritant contact rash (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). For judging the patch test positivity rate, a cross-divided study was arranged in Dignitary Gandhi Hospital. This was done over a ending of 3 months duration from March-Grant permission 2016. The number of participation was 68 the one were suspected of contact dermatitis. All the subjects were patch tested using the Aboriginal american Standard Series consisting of twenty average contact allergens which is certified by Contact and Occupational Dermatoses Forum of India (CODFI). Ultimate common allergen raise to be definite in both males and women was Parthenium followed by fragrance join. Patch testing should be observed in mind when dealing with cases of doubtful ACD, anogenital dermatitis, delayed sensitivity type cutaneous adverse drug reactions and particular site incessant dermatitis.

Author(s) Details:

Pallavi Goyal,
Department of Dermatology, KCGMC, Karnal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V9/article/view/12853

Achromatopsia: Case Presentation and Literature Review Emphasising the Importance of Genetic Testing for Disease Diagnosis, Management and Prenatal Diagnosis | Chapter 8 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

This unit reports the cases of two siblings (8 and 5 age old) who were pronounced with inability to distinguish one or more colors after genetic study. Achromatopsia (bar monochromatism) is a rare autosomal recessive form of conoid dysfunction that is from a near normal fundus characteristic, nystagmus, a nonrecordable photopic ERG, and normal to familiar normal scotopic ERG that remains constant. The genetic approach for these subjects is currently an important issue, and deoxyribonucleic acid therapy is an continuous therapeutic option earlier being studied in dispassionate trials.We report the case of two siblings (8 and 5 age old) overwhelmed by achromatopsia. They carry compound heterozygous mutations in the CNGA3 deoxyribonucleic acid at positions 1306 and 1279 in exon 8 (c.136C> T,  p.Arg436Trp and c.1279C> T, p.Arg427Cys).Genetic experiment is crucial to confirm the disease in such cases. Microscopic genetic testing approaches that maybe considered involve targeted analysis for average variants, the use of a multigene committee, or comprehensive genomic testing, usually exome sequencing. The parents were raise to have one of the variants in a heterozygous condition. This is the first stated case of achromatopsia in India.This report climaxes the significance of genetic experiment even more. It emphasizes that exome sequencing is a better demonstrative strategy when paired accompanying standard testing, exceptionally for disorders like achromatopsia and others place misdiagnosis might happen from depending only on clinical examinations.

Author(s) Details:

Kumari Pritti,
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India.

Vineet Mishra,
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Institute of Kidney Diseases & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India.

Udhaya Kotecha ,
Division of Inherited Disorders, Neuberg Center for Genomic Medicine, Ahmedabad, India.

Somesh Aggarwal,
M & J Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Ahmedabad, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V9/article/view/12852

Elucidating the Role of Next Generation Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative Classic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Comprehensive Literature Review | Chapter 7 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

The Philadelphia deoxyribonucleic acid-negative (Ph-) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), encompassing essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and myelofibrosis (MF), represent a group of continuous and well-documented hematological disorders. These conditions are represented by aberrant increase of one or more hematopoietic cell lineages inside the body’s stem cells, culminating in organomegaly and the rise of constitutional symptoms. A plethora of research has confirmed that the etiology of these diseases is intricately linked to immune order dysregulation and chronic inflammation, two together of which play pivotal acts.Recent advancements in oncological cure, particularly in hematological malignancies, have happened directed towards modalities intend the immune system, the cytokine environment, immunotherapeutic agents, and specialized invulnerable therapies. Immune checkpoints, that are crucial managers of T cell functionality inside the tumor microenvironment (TME), include basic checkpoints such as programmed container death-1 (PD-1)/register cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte irritant-4 (CTLA-4). Immune checkpoint inhibitor healing (ICIT) revolutionizes cancer treatment by hindering the inhibitory pathways in T cells. Despite the extraordinary clinical realizations of ICIT, intrinsic tumor opposition remains a formidable challenge for oncologists, exhibiting as suboptimal response rates in two together solid tumors and hematological malignancies.A Phase II dispassionate trial (Identifier: NCT02421354) fact-finding the efficacy of nivolumab, a PD-1 blockade power, in patients with post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis, basic myelofibrosis, or post-polycythemia myelofibrosis was initiated but prematurely stopped due to antagonistic events and insufficient productiveness. Concurrently, a multicenter, Phase II, sole-arm open-label study involving pembrolizumab in patients accompanying primary thrombocythemia, post-essential thrombocythemia, or post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis, who were unavailable for or had previously taken ruxolitinib treatment, was conducted. This study decided that while pembrolizumab administration was not associated accompanying significant adverse occurrences, it failed to evoke meaningful clinical answers, leading to its stop after the initial stage.Taking everything in mind these outcomes, the focus in immunotherapy has shifted towards novel invulnerable checkpoints within the TME, in the way that lymphocyte activation gene-3 (Delay-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), T container immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), V-domain immunoglobulin-holding suppressor of T cell activation (View), and human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-mixing protein 2 (HHLA2). These are forming the foundation for the future generations of ICIT. The primary objective of this discourse search out highlight and explicate the significance of next-generation ICIT in the circumstances of MPN. Specifically, this article inquires to investigate the potential of monoclonal antibodies as targeted immunotherapy and the incident of vaccines targeting specific MPN epitopes, focusing to enhance tumor-connected immune reactions. It is projected that these immunotherapy-based healing strategies will not only broaden but further refine the treatment range for MPN patients. Preliminary investigations in our workshop have revealed over-verbalization of MDSC and VISTA in MDSC, progenitor, and invulnerable cells, underscoring the necessity for supplementary clinical trials engaging next-generation ICIs in MPN administration.

Author(s) Details:

Ruchi Yadav,
Department of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA.

Narek Hakobyan,
Department of Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA.

Jen C. Wang,
Department of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V9/article/view/12851

Neurophysiological Commonalities and Differences Across Obsessive- Compulsive, Panic, Phobic and Generalized Anxiety Disorders | Chapter 6 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

Disorders from anxiety (AD) have been with the leading causes of worldwide health-related burden for over 30 age. Prevalence has increased in spite of strong evidence of effective healing interventions in transverse group studies, partly because of a extreme rate of recurrences and decreased responses in complete individual histories.Comorbidity and pharmacological response among egotistic-compulsive (OCD), collection of stores in one place, social, and specific phobias (SD), panic (PD) and statement anxiety (GAD) disorders desire a single measure: serotonin-dysfunction. Yet, psychiatric classifications gestate those entities as distinct, accompanying strong support from various neuroscience fields.Understanding and target physiopathogenic mechanisms concede possibility improve the long-term healing response, particularly when public, psychological, and biological determinants are combined private affected subjects, stowing differently across individuals, but considerably clustering by nosological individuals.The primary purpose of this phase is to examine for neurophysiological dysfunctions joint by, or different among PD, Dismal, OCD and GAD.A sample state of 192 unmedicated patients and 30 aged-doubled controls partook in this study. Ten liberated factors have included in Theory- related neurophysiological variables. Possibility tables and correspondence analysis75 with u.s. city-square tests were used to describe the sample distribution and connection to clinical groups of the three categorical determinants: EPI, cROI and side (Fig. 1; Table 3), Angler linear discrimination for the all-inclusive ones The nonparametric analysis right classified 81% of the sample. Dysrhythmic patterns, abated delta, and increased testing differentiated AD from controls. Shorter ERP latencies were about several individual patients, generally from the OCD group. Hyperactivities were found at the right front at fixed intervals-striatal network in OCD and at the panic circuit in PD. Our findings support wordy cortical instability in AD in general, accompanying individual differences in information processing losses and regional hyperactivities in OCD and PD. This study judgments suggest that neurophysiology can be used to label ongoing dysfunctions, their relative weights and their interactive patterns on a importance-to-moment base.

Author(s) Details:

Montserrat Gerez,
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Español de México, Mexico City, Mexico and Postgraduate Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.

Enrique Suárez,
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Español de México, Mexico City, Mexico and Postgraduate Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.

Carlos Serrano,
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Español de México, Mexico City, Mexico and Postgraduate Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.

Lauro Castanedo,
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Español de México, Mexico City, Mexico.

Armando Tello,
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Español de México, Mexico City, Mexico and Postgraduate Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V9/article/view/12850

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Breast Cancer among Undergraduate Female Students in Koppal, Karnataka, India | Chapter 5 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

This phase aims to assess knowledge, stance and practices towards breast tumor among female students in the study background. Breast cancer is ultimate common type of malignancy among women and the second most low malignancy in both grown and developing nations. The case of allure incidence is climbing because of increased longevity of people, increased urbanization and acceptance of unhealthy behaviors. An awareness of breast tumor and its presentation are essential between women for discovery at an early stage and timely situation for better prognosis.A cross-sectional study was attended for a duration of 3 months from July-September 2018 among female graduates at a Government scope college in Koppal city, Karnataka, India. Minimum sample size premeditated was 256 with an absolute accuracy of 5% and significance level of 0.05, attractive 80% prevalence of awareness on Conscience cancer as per recent estimates and dossier was collected utilizing a pre-tested and semi organized questionnaire after communicable an informed consent. Calm data were analyzed utilizing Microsoft Office Excel history 2013.More than 80% of study participants had perceived about breast malignancy in the present study but their knowledge on miscellaneous aspects of Breast tumor was limited. Plurality of them were positive in their stance believing that they are not at risk of Conscience cancer and were not quite practice Breast self-examination (BSE) from now on but only 5.28% of them admitted to have accomplished BSE in the past. Most common beginning of information about affliction was school in comparison to tv, social television, etc. in the present study.The present study decides that the level of knowledge with female graduate students about Breast malignancy was poor and identifies various areas place Educational interventions are unavoidable. Even though majority had beneficial attitude two together towards disease and practice of BSE only few practiced BSE that needs to be tackled   through Management change communication (BCC).

Author(s) Details:

Smita M. Nimbannavar,
Department of Community Medicine, Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences, Koppal, Karnataka, India.

Vijaykumar Mane,
Department of Community Medicine, Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences, Koppal, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V9/article/view/12849

Impacts of Climatic Seasonal Variations on Cardiovascular Diseases: A Prospective Sahelian Study in Niger with an Overview in Different Areas of the World | Chapter 4 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

This stage reveals the impact of migratory climatic variations on cardiovascular pathologies at HNABD. Heart failure (CVD) refers to the disorders that affects the essence and blood containers. It is an important public health issue cause they constitute ultimate reported cases for dying across the world. This is a prospective and approximate study which has done again four months between the cold season (January- February) and the passionate season (April-May) 2016. It accepted place over four months in the HNABD medicine- cardiology department. The study public consists of all cases hospitalized in the area during the period. It worried 258 patients sick in the medicine-cardiology area during this period in whom the disease of cardiovascular pathologies has been created. Through this work, we have studied the epidemiological, dispassionate, paraclinical, therapeutic, evolutionary facets and finally the impact of of or in the atmosphere and seasonal differences on cardiovascular pathologies. Data collection was manual, through providing an individual survey form. Dossier analysis and handle were carried out utilizing Word 2010, Surpass 2010, CSPro6.2, IBM SPSS 20.Epidemiologically, cardiovascular pathologies account for 55.60% of admissions to the department. We note a male reign with 53.10% against 46.90% for the female sexuality. The average age was 55.17 years. The group of same status over 60 years is the most overwhelmed with 54.25%. The heart failure admission rate was 43.41% in the cold season distinguished to 56.59% in the hot season. Clinically, the most frequent diagnoses were heart attack, stroke and hypertension with 47.28%, individually; 24.03%; and 8.91%. From a therapeutic position, the protocol used is predominantly based on diuretics, CE inhibitors and antiplatelet powers. From an evolutionary position, the course is favorable in 81.79% of patients. The extinction rate is 14.34% with a peak of passing during the passionate season. Thus we raise 24 deaths, a mortality rate of 16.43% and 64.86% of total extermination in the hot season. Actually, the temperature rises bring about an increase in admissions but also in mortality connected to cardiovascular diseases. Finally, it was mentioned that the temperature could play an important act in the morbidity and humanness of cardiovascular pathologies with migratory variations depending from state of amazement of the variation, the breach of this alternatives, the age of the patients, the cardiovascular status and allure past medical history and few environmental determinants. Therefore, the planet should unite to stimulate action towards answers for climate agreement putting Health at the Center of the Surroundings Agenda.

Author(s) Details:

Toure Ali I.,
Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Amirou Boubacar Diallo National Hospital, Niamey, Niger.

Dodo B.,
Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Amirou Boubacar Diallo National Hospital, Niamey, Niger.

Souley K.,
Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Amirou Boubacar Diallo National Hospital, Niamey, Niger.

Boncano A.,
Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Amirou Boubacar Diallo National Hospital, Niamey, Niger.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V9/article/view/12848

Medical Education in Somalia: Navigating Issues and Challenges Amid the COVID-19 Epidemic | Chapter 3 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

This branch is intended to identify the issues and challenges of healing education in Somalia.  Reconstructing medical education has happened aspirational aim for the countries about the world over ancient times century to realize the entire health coverage. Through the unending endeavors of the world nations and their learning institutions, huge advances have taken place in the field of healing education over the last five decades. Nevertheless, being a low-resource and breakable country afflicted by protracted public conflicts and political decomposition, Somalia faced difficulties in building its medical instruction institutions. Accordingly,The study was conducted in Medical Academies & Colleges in Somalia between February to April 2021 utilizing a cross-sectional study design and 384 individuals were picked for this study. An author-developed inquiry and interview guide was utilized as dossier collection tools. The inquiry was designed for the teaching stick who were complicated in medical teaching and education process to address the demographic characteristics, instruction qualifications, education strategies employed of the facilitators, while the interview guide was grown for medical education managers and procedure makers to recognize administrative challenges in medical instruction. The respondents of the study were selected through calculated sampling. The calm quantitative and qualitative dossier were analyzed using SPSS and NVIVO program packages, individually. A descriptive analysis was begun using frequency and percentages for the unconditional variables with SPSS history 25.0 while thematic analysis was working with NVIVO version 12 for non-unconditional qualitative variables.Results: In the sample of 384 members, 311 males and 73 females were contained in the study with mean age 33 years. Most of ruling class had master’s degree and average education experience of 5 years. Most of medicine and health sciences organizations were private-owned operating in leased campuses. The study revealed a significant equating between the type of organization, staff employment type, graduate selection policy, purchase of the campus, and staff member satisfaction with current payroll.  On the other hand, it was also erect that the medical instruction in Somalia faces some major challenges containing shortage of trained able lecturers, lack of relevant healing curricula, shortage of education/learning resources, lack of administration oversight & licensing and lack of university policies.  Therefore, it is decided that Somalia needs to incorporate a competency-located curriculum, boost the availability of teaching and knowledge resources, provide preparation to medical educators on teaching approaches, and increase investment in research in this place field.

Author(s) Details:

Hassan Abdullahi Dahie,
SOS Community Nursing College, Somalia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V9/article/view/12847

A Case Report on Multiple Developmental Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies Associated with Fusion of the Third and Fourth Cervical Vertebrae | Chapter 2 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

This division discusses multiple enlightening craniovertebral junction abnormalites associated with fusion of the after second and fourth cervical vertebral column. Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is formed apiece occipital condyles of the skull, chart of geographic area (C1), and axis (C2). CVJ anomalies are a complex group of disorders accompanying a variable course and difficult line of management. A cross-sectional depict is indispensable for the judgment of CVJ as it may unmask pathologies unknown by clinical judgment and conventional radiography. A 25-year-traditional male patient presented accompanying complaints of low- grade narrow connector pain, weakness of two together the lower limbs, and fecal debauchery. According to the patient, the manifestations began at the age of 13 years and had advanced gradually, for fear that, now, he was bedridden for 6 months. The diversified developmental CVJ abnormalites include fusion defects of prior and posterior arches of C1, os odontoideum, atlantoaxial subluxation (with condensation of the cervical cord at the cervicomedullary junction), and mixture of C3 and C4 vertebral bodies in addition to posterior elements.

Author(s) Details:

Himanshu Mishra,
Department of Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.

Amit Kumar,
Department of Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.

Hitnarayan Prasad,
Department of Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.

Sanjay Kumar Suman,
Department of Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V9/article/view/12846

Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Mandibular Gingiva | Chapter 1 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a diseased neoplasm, which begins from smooth muscle. Primary spoken LMS is an exceptionally exceptional lesion, often guide poor prognosis. The most coarse symptom of oral LMS is bestowed as a painless bulk. We present a case of oral LMS in the anterior mandibular gingiva, accompanying an uncommon clinical image in an no prevalent anatomic spot. Moreover, this case presents troubles in the histopathologic diagnosis of the incisional biopsy, that referred to the lesion as pseudosarcomatous. The situation of choice is radical surgical resection; however, supplementary radiotherapy and chemotherapy can also have a beneficial effect.

Author(s) Details:

Bourazani M.,
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, General Hospital of Athens “Ippokrateio”, Greece.

Skiadas S.,
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, General Hospital of Athens “Ippokrateio”, Greece.

Gkanasouli D.,
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, General Hospital of Athens “Ippokrateio”, Greece.

Zanakis S.,
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, General Hospital of Athens “Ippokrateio”, Greece.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V9/article/view/12845

Investigating 149,152,155&161Tb Production Cross-Sections through Gd (p, xn) Tb and Gd(p,g) Tb Reactions: A Comprehensive Analysis Near and above the Threshold | Chapter 8 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 3

The Result cross-section of radio-isotopes; 149,152,155&161Tb have existed calculated by way of various reactions on the Gadolinium isotopes, utilizing nuclear model codes EMPIRE 3.2 & PACE4 established Hausher Feshback approach and compared accompanying TENDL-2019 library (calculated by TALYS law). The production of radio-nuclides act a high rise in current years because of more expansive application in leading technological tools secondhand in nuclear medicine. A splitting decay mode is working using a rotating liquid drop splitting barrier routine. The code more provides occurrence by event trace back of the whole decay sequence from the compound nucleus into some one of the exit channels. Beginning for the production of radio-isotope 149Tb through 152Gd(p, 4n) is 30 MeV (hurdle height; 22.79 MeV) while for 152Tb & 155Tb through 155Gd(p, xn); x =1&4 channels are 6 & 28 MeV respectively. For 161Tb the result threshold through backlash channel 160Gd (p, γ) is around 6 MeV. Quite considerable values of the result cross-sections of all the desired isotopes have existed obtained within the intentional energy range.The significance of the present calculations further increases restrain view the scarcity of the experimental results. It can further aid to open up the new exploratory opportunities for the production concerning this radionuclide.

Author(s) Details:

Kailash Pandey,
Department of Physics, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun (UK)-248007, India.

D. P. Singh,
Department of Physics, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun (UK)-248007, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V3/article/view/12856

Beekeeping and Honey Bee Biology History of Beekeeping in Indonesia | Chapter 12 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 6

Beekeeping is an agro-located activity which is being tackled by farmers/landless labours in forests as an integrated farming practice. Beekeeping supplements profit & employment production and nutritional intake of country population. Though the honeybees are best known for the sweetheart they produce, their economic duty in nature is to fertilize hundreds and chiliads of flowering plants and assure background of seed or fruit. Honeybees have existed offering aids to the society through ensured impregnation of the ovum in cross-pollinated crops in addition to by providing honey and a variety of cut products.

Author(s) Details:

Sri Minarti,
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya Jl. Veteran, Kota Malang 65145, Indonesia.

Poppy Satya Puspita,
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya Jl. Veteran, Kota Malang 65145, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V6/article/view/12855

Structural Insights into SARS-CoV-2 Transmission between Humans and Other Mammals | Chapter 11 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 6

This episode reported about Structural Understandings into SARS-CoV-2 transmission betwixt humans and other animals. Recent reports have proved multiple instances of dogs contracting harsh acute respiring syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from their human owners. On Pace 27, 2020, it was determined that there had happened a case of SARS-CoV-2 transfer from a human owner to a household puma. It was also claimed that a cub from a New York, USA, wild had contracted SARS-CoV-2. It is believed that SARS-CoV-2 was communicated to tigers from their caretakers, who were earlier infected with this bug. On May 25, 2020, the Dutch Minister of Farming, Nature and Fare Quality reported that two staff members were infected accompanying SARS-CoV-2 transmitted from minks. The three-dimensional building of the KGDFR hosting protein domain involved in direct interplays with SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD of the personal outerwear ACE2 appears to form a loop structurally had connection with the human ACE2 corresponding protein loop, despite of the discounted available protein distance (401 residues of the mink ACE2 available series vs 805 residues of the human ACE2). There are concerns that SARS-CoV-2 maybe transmitted from humans to whitetail hoofed animal and from whitetail deer to humans. It has too been convinced that SARS-CoV-2 types that are currently undetectable in persons, such as beginning and delta types, are latently infected inside whitetail deer. The Planet Health Organization currently released a report on the potential risks of reciprocal contaminations regarding SARS-CoV-2 broadcast from animals to humans. In cases place the data exposed by our investigations can assist with accuracy vaccine design and the finding of antiviral therapeutics, which will speed the growth of medical countermeasures.

Author(s) Details:

Takuma Hayashi,
National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan and START, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan.

Kaoru Abiko,
National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.

Masaki Mandai,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Nobuo Yaegashi,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.

Ikuo Konishi,
National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan and Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology, Tokyo, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V6/article/view/12844

Atherogenic Role of LDL(-) on Macrophages | Chapter 10 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 6

This unit assesses the inference of an inflammatory profile and the build-up of intracellular lipids in macrophages by electronegative LDL (LDL(-)). LDL(-), a modified LDL that is to say present in blood, exerts atherogenic belongings on endothelial cells and monocytes. Abundant studies focusing on LDL(-) have since existed performed, and ultimate widely accepted idea is that LDL(-) is a pool of LDL pieces modified by various mechanisms. In the study shown in this place chapter, LDL(-) and artificial-modified LDLs (oxidized, aggregated, acetylated) were increased macrophages derived from THP1 monocytes over-meaning CD14 (THP1-CD14). Then, cytokine release, cell distinction, lipid accumulation, and deoxyribonucleic acid expression were measured by ELISA, flow cytometry, thin-coating chromatography, and real-period PCR, respectively. Compared to added modified LDLs, LDL(-) induced THP1-CD14 macrophages to produce more cytokines. Additionally, LDL(-) stimulated semantic alterations linked to mature macrophages. HDL and antagonistic-TLR4 were added to compensate these effects. Macrophages ingested abundant amounts of LDL(-), which was the main inventor of intracellular lipid buildup in lipid droplets improved in triglycerides. In contrast to redness, the addition of anti-TLR4 had no effect on lipid aggregation, thus suggesting an rude answer pathway alternative to TLR4. In our study, compared to additional in vitro-reduced LDLs, LDL(-) was the main inductor of GM-CSF, IL6, and IL10 release, and it had a similar effect on IL1 β than oxLDL. This occurred in the deficiency of changes in cell increase or mortality. In this regard, LDL(-) upregulated the verbalization of the scavenger receptors CD36 and LOX-1, in addition to several genes involved in TG build-up. In summary, LDL(-) promoted macrophage distinction, inflammation, and triglyceride-enriched lipid beads formation in THP1-CD14 macrophages, presumably through different receptors. The complex interaction 'tween these pathways should be tried in future studies. Taken together, our judgments highlight new meaningful actions of LDL(-) on macrophage activation in the framework of the development of atherosclerosis.

Author(s) Details:

Núria Puig,
Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Building M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.

Berta Casaldàliga,
Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Building M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.

Pol Camps-Renom,
Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.

Francesc Jiménez-Altayó,
Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.

Elena Jiménez-Xarrié,
Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.

Jose Luis Sánchez-Quesada,
Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain and CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.

Sonia Benitez,
Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain and CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V6/article/view/12843

An Introduction to Fulati-Suranjan Formulae in Calculating the Area and Perimeter of Any Circle Without Using Pi | Chapter 6 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 7

In this place chapter, an attempt was made to learn the Area and Perimeter or Perimeter of Circle, without utilizing Constant Pi, by the Fulati-Suranjan formulae (until two decimal places) in addition to a new constant, named Probir's Nonstop denoted by the Bengali message roshsho li-kar  ৢ . To fulfill these purposes attending, have been used few Theorems, Lemmas, Corollaries, the inner circle & the outer circle of the unchanging square, also the central square & the outer square of the same circle. Because without using pi, this division can calculate the field and perimeter of any circle nearly, which have been visualized in various models of this chapter so, demanding here the derived formulae are correct (until two decimal places). It bear be mentioned that a number of documents and online math sites have approximately discussed and explained some form of these theorems, lemma, and corollaries. We trust that readers interested in arithmetic, particularly those the one are students, will find the approach presented in this place chapter to be advantageous. Additionally, it appears that the troubled pupils are able to administer and memorize the formulae without the need for the usual constant pi.

Author(s) Details:

Probir Roy,
Department of Mathematics, Murarichand (M.C) College, Sylhet-3100, (Affiliated to Bangladesh National University), Bangladesh.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V7/article/view/12841