Oral Cancer Frequency at Different Sub Sites of Oral Cavity: A Study from Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan | Chapter 13 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 3

 

Introduction: Carcinoma of oral cavity is amongst the first ten commonest malignancies in Pakistan. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common intra oral site manifesting as a chronic, indurated ulcer. Oral cavity sub sites include lips, gum, floor of mouth, mucosa of cheeks, vestibule, anterior two third of tongue, retro molar trigone, hard and soft palate and uvula these sub sites show a variation of trend, onset of cancer. Causes are Aerica nut, tobacco and low consumption of alcohol in our society as compared to developed part of the globe.

 

Objective: The primary objective of the study is to determine the frequency of oral cancer in sub sites of oral cavity.

 

Subject and Methods: This was a cross sectional study that took place in Ear nose throat, Head and Neck surgery Department, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Jinnah Sind Medical University Karachi, for four years, from 1st January 2013 to 1st January 2016. A total of 105 patients having chronic oral ulcer of three months or more duration, growth in oral cavity, either gender reporting for treatment at ENT JPMC OPD were registered for the study. Detail like sub site oral lesion, technique of sampling like punch biopsy to be done by expression biopsy and Histopathological reports were entered.

 

Results: Squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant type of oral cancer and tongue is the commonest site of origin for these cancers. The average age of the patients was 48.52 ± 5.24 years. There were 61% male and 39% were female. The commonest sites involved were cheek mucosa, lips, tongue, gum with (36.2%), (25.7%), (20%), (18%) respectively.

 

Conclusion: Cheek mucosa is the commonest site of oral cancer with middle age group and male predominance. These results are similar to previous studies with acceptable differences in proportions and common sites involved. However, most of the studies have shown male predominance and middle to old age involvement. Based on these findings, inferences, strength, and limitations, it is recommended to organize further epidemiological studies with large sample, multiple settings and objectives to reach a firm conclusion.

 

Author(s) Details

Imtiaz Ather Siddiqui
ENT Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan.

 

Hurtamina Khan
ENT Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan.

 

Riaz Siddiqui
ENT Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan.

 

Mahum Hafeez
ENT Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan.

 

Muhammad Razzak Doga
ENT Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan.

 

Wajeeha Shahid
ENT Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan.

 

Sameer Qureshi
ENT Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v3/1067

Clinical Evaluation of Physiotherapy as Early Detection of Breast Carcinoma | Chapter 15 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

Introduction: An increasing incidence of Breast Cancer at an early age is associated with higher human functional disturbances and a huge economic burden. Early identification and due Oncological interventions have been shown to overcome these hurdles. Common clinical conditions, physical findings, concerning symptoms, age, family history, gender, psychosocial details, systemic conditions, habits, and stressful living conditions were highly considered to give a link to breast cancer. Modern living is associated with greater health hazards, including cancers. Among which breast carcinoma ranks with a higher prevalence in adult women. Physical laboratory investigations and screening. Early identification to a larger extent can influence better outcomes and longevity, especially for breast cancer subjects.

 

Objectives: As physical therapist frequently involved in treating neck and low back ache as first contact healthcare expert, this research highlights importance of patients with chronic neck pain to be screened for lymph nodes, other related complaints like stiff neck, increasing atrophy, constant continuous pain, most of these could be related to malignancy while these subjects can be referred to physician or oncologist for to be detected and treated with due medical care for an enhanced post onco surgical living standard. Hence, the research aims to analyse how concerning symptoms and physical evaluation provide a link to breast cancer, and also to scientifically investigate how reliable clinical findings related to breast cancer are.

 

Materials and Methods: A 59-year-old diabetic subject with chronic continuous neck pain with nodules over the posterior cervical spine was referred to undergo mammography by a physiotherapist through a physician. She was diagnosed later with hypermetabolic malignant lesion of the left breast and underwent modified left radical mastectomy. Later, she was getting treated for her physical functioning, in improving QOL was discussed with due evidence for the period 2020 to 2022.

 

Results: Stressful life events to various diseases, including cancer, by increasing the risk of breast cancer. Fibromyalgia is a common clinical condition among women. While treating a fibromyalgia, female for chronic arthralgia, a physiotherapist considers this as an autoimmune disorder with multiple fat nodules in the body. Any abnormal increase in swelling, pain should be referred to medical experts. With lesser follow-up post-mastectomy and early identification by physiotherapists remain key components of this research. Findings of this research can form the foundation of onco-physiotherapy in early clinical screening and referral to a medical expert.

 

Conclusions: Learned evidence-based knowledge should be used clinically, especially for referral to medical experts, as shown in this research. The grey point of this research was timely referral, self-confidence of the therapist, faith of the patient in the physiotherapist can surely elevate greater quality of the physiotherapy profession and the Quality of life of affected subjects. If adhered can become a novel means of physiotherapy evaluation concerning symptoms and could be included in every patient's physical evaluation in future.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Subramanian SS
Sree Balaji College of Physiotherapy, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.

Priya R
Sree Balaji College of Physiotherapy, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.

 

Madhan Kumar
Sree Balaji College of Physiotherapy, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.

 

               

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v2/5076

Application of 3D Printing in Intracranial Tumours | Chapter 6 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 The pituitary gland is a narrow bean-formed gland located at the base of the brain. Pituitary-located tumors are neuroendocrine tumors that affect the pituitary gland. Pituitary gland image employs computed tomography and drawing resonance image. 3D reconstruction of dossier from CT images can be convinced into 3D and then impressed as a live anatomical model utilizing a 3D printer. This research intends to show that news obtained from CT scan figures can be used to produce 3D-printed particular models for patients and clinicians. A separation application was used to form patient-specific models for three clinical positions in order to separate the bulk from the bone. The process involved image addition starting with cross-divided imaging, segmenting the seized DICOM image into a 3D model, file and model adjustment for final print, slicing accompanying the choice of 3D printing material and the proper scenes, and concluding accompanying the actual print, print veracity, and cost analysis.  It took 'tween 45 and 90 minutes to piece the region of interest, with the plurality of that time being gone segmenting the pituitary. Models were impressed in sections since the bulk and skull were impressed separately. The times wanted for printing the bulk and the skull base were 20–40 notes of meeting and 4–9 hours, respectively. The overall cost of printing a model was inferior $50, and print accuracy was inferior 1.7mm.

Author(s) Details:

Morgan Ikponmwosa,
Department of General Medicine, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, United Kingdom.

Ayodele Olugbenga Ogunsemoyin,
Department of Radiology, University of Medical Sciences, Laje Road, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Onyekachi Okechukwu Moemenan,
Department of Radiology, Digital imaging and diagnostic Centre, Imo state Owerri, Nigeria.

Obinna Ezeigwe,
Department of General Medicine, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, United Kingdom.

Yaw Barimah Darko,
Department of General Medicine, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, United Kingdom.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V1/article/view/10558

Benign Spindle Cell Lesion in Subglottis: A Rare Case Study | Chapter 16 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 This case report stresses on the importance of a complete clinical test with engrossment of other specialities in the diagnosis. Spindle container carcinoma designates a excellent variant growth pattern of squamous container carcinoma in which the pivot epithelial cell resembles a abnormal growth in animate being on histological examination.An above airway obstruction subordinate to a subglottic tumor can be surely misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma. We report a 16 year old girl the one was misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma whereas certainly diagnosed as spindle container lesion of subglottis. The diverse range of pivot cell lesions, that can be reactive, diseased, or extremely aggressive, is the study of plants of the head and neck that presents preeminent supporter challenge. Therefore, it is essential to make a exact diagnosis, which maybe done with the aid of demonstrative and radiological facilities.

Author(s) Details:

K. Krishna Kumar,
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, OMR, India.

V. J. Niranjana Bharathi,
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, OMR, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V7/article/view/10082

Sporadic Fundic Gland Polyps with Dysplasia or Carcinoma: A Literature Review | Chapter 03 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Except in the case of familial adenomatous polyposis, fundic gland polyps (FGPs) are the most common stomach polyps and have long been regarded to be benign lesions with low malignant potential. FGPs, on the other hand, have become more common in recent years, coinciding with the extensive and regular use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). So far, only a few cases of spontaneous FGPs with dysplasia or cancer (FGPD/CAs) have been reported. The goal of this research was to assess the clinical and endoscopic features of sporadic FGPD/CAs and propose a sporadic FGP therapy plan. The majority of patients with sporadic FGPD/CAs were middle-aged women who were not infected with Helicobacter pylori and were using PPIs (H. pylori). The majority of sporadic FGPD/CAs were sessile and small, with a mean size of only a few millimetres. The tumour was 5.4 mm in diameter and was found in the stomach body. During magnification narrow-band imaging, the sporadic FGPs with malignancy revealed redness, abnormal surface structure, depression, or erosion, and irregular microvessels on the lesion surface. Furthermore, sporadic FGPs are likely to progress slowly to malignancy, even if they have dysplasia. As a result, people with occasional FGPs don't need to go to the doctor as often. Histological study is essential whenever endoscopic findings different than traditional FGPs are discovered, regardless of their size. Because of the widespread and frequent use of PPIs and the decreasing H. pylori infection rate, the prevalence of FGPs is expected to grow in the future. It's unclear whether FGPD/CAs will rise at the same rate as FGPs. Nevertheless, the patterns of these lesions point to the need for greater research in the future.

Author(S) Details

Davis Kizhakkepeedika Rennis
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India.

Easwaramangalath Venugopal Krishnakumar
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V9/article/view/6896

Hepatitis B Virus Infection and MicroRNAs: Future Trends to Diagnostics and Therapeutics | Chapter 11 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 2

 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects the liver and causes acute and chronic sickness, which can progress to severe end-stage liver disease. Despite the availability of an effective vaccination and a variety of treatment options, this virus remains the leading cause of liver disease, accounting for a significant portion of global morbidity and death. The significance of miRNAs, which are essential modulators of gene activity, in the control of Hepatitis B virus gene expression has been widely studied. Facilitation, direct or indirect inhibition, immune response activation, epigenetic modulation, and a variety of other mechanisms can all be used to control viral reproduction and pathogenicity. There are certain miRNAs that engage in more than one of these processes among the many miRNAs involved in each of these mechanisms. The current chapter is an attempt to categorise these miRNAs effectively from a functional standpoint. A thorough understanding of miRNAs and their methods for changing the virus and/or the host might aid in the future development of numerous diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Sarkar et al. published the findings of this chapter in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2015.

Author(S) Details

Neelakshi Sarkar
ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India

Runu Chakravarty
Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V2/article/view/6711

Evaluation of Chronic Periodontitis as a Risk Factor for Head and Neck Squamous-cell Carcinoma and Impact on Quality of Life| Chapter 14 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.10

 Background and Objectives: There is a strong link between chronic infections/inflammation and cancer. The goal of this study was to see how chronic periodontitis affected individuals with head and neck squamous-cell cancer (HNSCC) and how it affected their quality of life.

Materials and Procedures: A total of 46 patients were included in the trial, divided into two groups. Patients with primary HNSCC (n=26) were included in the study. The controls (n=20) were all patients who were seen at the same time but were not diagnosed with cancer. On standardised panoramic radiographs, the bleeding index, periodontal index, tooth mobility degree, and alveolar bone loss (ABL) were used to determine the severity of periodontitis. Before the diagnosis was made, all patients were asked to complete a questionnaire on their quality of life.
The researchers discovered that every centimetre of ABL was linked to a four-fold greater risk of HNSCC. The oral cavity had the strongest link, with the oropharynx and larynx following closely behind. The link was still there in participants who had never consumed cigarettes or alcohol. Patients with periodontitis were more likely to have poorly differentiated oral cavity SCC than those without periodontitis, with higher bleeding and periodontal indices and tooth mobility values (32.8 percent versus 11.5 percent; P = 0.038). When compared to the control group, the patients in the study group had greater questionnaire point values.
Conclusions: Chronic periodontitis appears to be a risk factor for the development of HNSCC in our investigation. These findings have implications for more practical and effective HNSCC prevention, diagnostic, and treatment techniques.

Author(s) Details:

Prof. Silvia Martu,
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” UMPh, IASI, Romania.

Dr. Cornelia Teodorescu,
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” UMPh, IASI, Romania.

Mr. Bogdan Vasiliu,
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” UMPh, IASI, Romania.

Dr. Ioana Martu,
Department of Thechnology of Dental Prospheses, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” UMPh, IASI, Romania.

Diana-Cristala Kappenberg-Nitescu,
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” UMPh, IASI, Romania.

Irina Sufaru,
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” UMPh, IASI, Romania.

Ionut Luchian,
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” UMPh, IASI, Romania.

Victor Vlad Costan,
Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” UMPh, IASI, Romania.

Sorina Solomon,
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” UMPh, IASI, Romania.

Liliana Pasarin,
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” UMPh, IASI, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V10/article/view/5829