Breast Cancer in Rural India: Clinicopathological Patterns, Molecular Subtypes and Challenges in Resource-Limited Settings | Chapter 2 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 5

 

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide and represents a growing public health challenge in India. Rural populations face unique barriers, including delayed diagnosis, limited screening facilities, and restricted access to comprehensive oncology care. This chapter presents a detailed clinicopathological and molecular analysis of breast cancer cases managed at a rural tertiary care centre in Central India over a five-year period. A retrospective evaluation of 150 histologically confirmed breast cancer patients was performed, assessing demographic characteristics, tumour pathology, molecular subtypes, staging, and treatment patterns. The mean age at diagnosis was 47.8 years, with a predominance of advanced-stage and high-grade tumours. Triple-negative breast cancer constituted 55.3% of cases, followed by the Luminal A subtype. All patients underwent surgical management, predominantly a modified radical mastectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy were administered based on receptor status. The results demonstrate a younger age at onset, predominance of advanced-stage disease, high-grade tumours, and a high burden of triple-negative breast cancer, underscoring the urgent need for early detection strategies and improved oncology infrastructure.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Novhil Bramhankar
Bramhankar Multispeciality Hospital, Gondia, Maharashtra, India.

 

Mousumi Saha
Mousumi’s Diet Clinic, Gondia, Maharashtra, India.

 

Pawan Wankhede
Bramhankar Multispeciality Hospital, Gondia, Maharashtra, India.

 

Pranay Akare
Bramhankar Multispeciality Hospital, Gondia, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v5/6838

Clinical Evaluation of Physiotherapy as Early Detection of Breast Carcinoma | Chapter 15 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

Introduction: An increasing incidence of Breast Cancer at an early age is associated with higher human functional disturbances and a huge economic burden. Early identification and due Oncological interventions have been shown to overcome these hurdles. Common clinical conditions, physical findings, concerning symptoms, age, family history, gender, psychosocial details, systemic conditions, habits, and stressful living conditions were highly considered to give a link to breast cancer. Modern living is associated with greater health hazards, including cancers. Among which breast carcinoma ranks with a higher prevalence in adult women. Physical laboratory investigations and screening. Early identification to a larger extent can influence better outcomes and longevity, especially for breast cancer subjects.

 

Objectives: As physical therapist frequently involved in treating neck and low back ache as first contact healthcare expert, this research highlights importance of patients with chronic neck pain to be screened for lymph nodes, other related complaints like stiff neck, increasing atrophy, constant continuous pain, most of these could be related to malignancy while these subjects can be referred to physician or oncologist for to be detected and treated with due medical care for an enhanced post onco surgical living standard. Hence, the research aims to analyse how concerning symptoms and physical evaluation provide a link to breast cancer, and also to scientifically investigate how reliable clinical findings related to breast cancer are.

 

Materials and Methods: A 59-year-old diabetic subject with chronic continuous neck pain with nodules over the posterior cervical spine was referred to undergo mammography by a physiotherapist through a physician. She was diagnosed later with hypermetabolic malignant lesion of the left breast and underwent modified left radical mastectomy. Later, she was getting treated for her physical functioning, in improving QOL was discussed with due evidence for the period 2020 to 2022.

 

Results: Stressful life events to various diseases, including cancer, by increasing the risk of breast cancer. Fibromyalgia is a common clinical condition among women. While treating a fibromyalgia, female for chronic arthralgia, a physiotherapist considers this as an autoimmune disorder with multiple fat nodules in the body. Any abnormal increase in swelling, pain should be referred to medical experts. With lesser follow-up post-mastectomy and early identification by physiotherapists remain key components of this research. Findings of this research can form the foundation of onco-physiotherapy in early clinical screening and referral to a medical expert.

 

Conclusions: Learned evidence-based knowledge should be used clinically, especially for referral to medical experts, as shown in this research. The grey point of this research was timely referral, self-confidence of the therapist, faith of the patient in the physiotherapist can surely elevate greater quality of the physiotherapy profession and the Quality of life of affected subjects. If adhered can become a novel means of physiotherapy evaluation concerning symptoms and could be included in every patient's physical evaluation in future.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Subramanian SS
Sree Balaji College of Physiotherapy, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.

Priya R
Sree Balaji College of Physiotherapy, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.

 

Madhan Kumar
Sree Balaji College of Physiotherapy, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.

 

               

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v2/5076

A Cross Sectional Study on Surgical Management of Phyllodes Tumours at a Teaching Tertiary Institution in India | Chapter 15 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 7

Background: Phyllodes tumours are rare fibroepithelial lesions of the breast. The words “phyllodes” are derived from the latin phyllodium and greek phullodes meaning leaf like. Unlike carcinoma breast, phyllodes tumors start outside of the ducts and lobules, in the breast’s connective tissue, called the stroma which includes the fatty tissue and ligaments that surround the ducts, lobules, and blood and lymph vessels in the breast.

Aim: The aim of the study is to clinical presentation and management of phyllodes tumour.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the department of surgery in a medical college and hospital in central India over a period from March 2006 to March 2016. A total of 96 female patients of phyllodes tumour were included in this study. A detailed clinical history and examination of the breast lump were done.

Results: Out of 98 patients, the majority of patients were in the age group of 31 - 40 years. The mean age of presentation was 37 years ranging from 12 years to 57 years. 43.75% of patients had breast lumps involving all four quadrants of the breast. All patients were subjected to surgical management. The modality of treatment available for surgical management of phyllodes tumor includes wide local excision, lumpectomy, simple mastectomy and radical mastectomy. The surgical management includes wide local excision in 28, lumpectomy in 26, simple mastectomy in 40 and radical mastectomy in 02 patients. Three histotypes of phyllodes tumor, i.e., benign (42 cases, 43.75%), borderline (12 cases, 12.5%), and malignant (42 cases, 43.75%) were observed in the present study. The adjuvant radiotherapy may be effective in reducing the risk of local recurrence. Three drugs such as ifosfamide, cisplatin and etoposide have been described to be effective for malignant phyllodes.

Conclusions: Preoperative diagnosis and proper management are crucial in phyllodes tumours because of their tendency to recur and malignant potential in some of these tumours. Excision of the phyllodes tumour with a wide margin of healthy tissue is a safe and effective method of local control. A positive axillary lymph node enlargement would necessitate an axillary lymph node dissection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ashok Suryabhanji Gajbhiye
Department of Surgery, IGGMC, NAGPUR-18, Maharashtra, India.

 

Saiesha Nagavarapu
Department of Government Medical College, Chandrapur, India.

 

Ambrish Somkuwar
Department of Surgery, IGGMC, NAGPUR-18, Maharashtra, India.

 

Avinash Bokde
Department of Surgery, IGGMC, NAGPUR-18, Maharashtra, India.

 

Vaibhav Nasare
Department of Surgery, IGGMC, NAGPUR-18, Maharashtra, India.

 

Kishor Jehughale
Department of Surgery, IGGMC, NAGPUR-18, Maharashtra, India.

 

Ankit Agrawal
Department of Surgery, IGGMC, NAGPUR-18, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v7/3067