Integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Exercises: Comprehensive Strategies for Cyclic Mastalgia | Chapter 11 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

Cyclic mastalgia, commonly referred to as cyclical breast pain, is a widespread condition that affects a significant number of women worldwide. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated intervention combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and physical exercise in reducing the severity, frequency, and psychological impact of cyclic mastalgia in women. The physiology of cyclic mastalgia is attributed to a complex interplay of physical and psychological stressors, as well as dietary irregularities. These factors can lead to reduced energy intake, resulting in a drop in total triiodothyronine (TT3) levels and subsequent hypothyroidism. Low TT3 levels trigger the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which inhibit dopamine release and increase prolactin production. Elevated prolactin levels disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, leading to luteal phase malfunction. Various intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to breast pain, including inadequate breast hygiene, wearing the wrong bra size, and certain medications such as hormonal pills, specific antidepressants, and antihistamines. Research suggests that engaging in regular physical exercise can reduce the severity and duration of mastalgia during the luteal phase. Despite the benefits, many women with mastalgia lead inactive lives, underscoring the need to promote regular physical activity as a therapeutic approach. Physical activity lowers serum aldosterone levels, triggering sodium and water reabsorption and alleviating physical symptoms. Recent evidence highlights the effectiveness of various forms of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), including mindfulness-based intervention, dialectical behavior therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and behavioral activation therapy for depression. Mindfulness-based intervention focuses on training physical, cognitive, and emotional sensations, as well as attentional processes. The protocol includes breath awareness, body scans, and mindful movement, which limits physical capability. This chapter concludes that Cyclic mastalgia is closely linked to physical activity and psychological parameters. Developing a comprehensive protocol that includes exercise, diet, and psychological interventions can significantly reduce mastalgia symptoms and promote a healthy lifestyle among women.

 

Author (s) Details

S. F. Mariyam Farzana
SRM College of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine Health and Science, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur - 603203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

V. Sunil Kumar
Clinical Psychologist, Mind Zone Mental Health Services, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India.

 

Rajapreethi R
Clinical Psychologist, Mind Zone Mental Health Services, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India.

 

V. M. Vinodhini
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Health and Science, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Kanchipuram Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

P. Venkatraman
Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Health and Science, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Kanchipuram Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Suresh T.N.
SRM College of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur - 603203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Ashish Mathew A
SRM College of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur - 603203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Preethi M
SRM College of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur - 603203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Budireddi Udaya Rasi
SRM College of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur - 603203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v2/5056

Application of 3D Printing in Intracranial Tumours | Chapter 6 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 The pituitary gland is a narrow bean-formed gland located at the base of the brain. Pituitary-located tumors are neuroendocrine tumors that affect the pituitary gland. Pituitary gland image employs computed tomography and drawing resonance image. 3D reconstruction of dossier from CT images can be convinced into 3D and then impressed as a live anatomical model utilizing a 3D printer. This research intends to show that news obtained from CT scan figures can be used to produce 3D-printed particular models for patients and clinicians. A separation application was used to form patient-specific models for three clinical positions in order to separate the bulk from the bone. The process involved image addition starting with cross-divided imaging, segmenting the seized DICOM image into a 3D model, file and model adjustment for final print, slicing accompanying the choice of 3D printing material and the proper scenes, and concluding accompanying the actual print, print veracity, and cost analysis.  It took 'tween 45 and 90 minutes to piece the region of interest, with the plurality of that time being gone segmenting the pituitary. Models were impressed in sections since the bulk and skull were impressed separately. The times wanted for printing the bulk and the skull base were 20–40 notes of meeting and 4–9 hours, respectively. The overall cost of printing a model was inferior $50, and print accuracy was inferior 1.7mm.

Author(s) Details:

Morgan Ikponmwosa,
Department of General Medicine, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, United Kingdom.

Ayodele Olugbenga Ogunsemoyin,
Department of Radiology, University of Medical Sciences, Laje Road, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Onyekachi Okechukwu Moemenan,
Department of Radiology, Digital imaging and diagnostic Centre, Imo state Owerri, Nigeria.

Obinna Ezeigwe,
Department of General Medicine, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, United Kingdom.

Yaw Barimah Darko,
Department of General Medicine, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent, United Kingdom.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V1/article/view/10558