Creation and improvement of closed-loop techniques for
non-invasive brain stimulation is an exciting and rapidly developing field of
neuroscience. Electroencephalogram (EEG)-guided adaptive neurostimulation is an
innovative kind of non-invasive closed-loop brain stimulation technique that
uses audio–visual stimulation online modulated by rhythmical EEG components of
the individual. However, the opportunity to enhance its effectiveness is a
challenging task and needs further investigation. One of the possible ways to
increase the effectiveness of EEG-guided adaptive neurostimulation may be the
preliminary activation of low-frequency rhythmic EEG components of the
individual. This study aims to experimentally test whether it is possible to
increase the effectiveness of EEG-guided adaptive neurostimulation by
pre-strengthening the modulating factor (subject’s EEG) through the procedure
of resonance scanning, i.e., LED photostimulation with the frequency gradually
increasing in the range of main EEG rhythms (4–20 Hz). Thirty-six university
students in a state of exam stress were randomly assigned to two matched
groups. One group was presented with the EEG-guided adaptive neurostimulation
alone, whereas another matched group was presented with the combination of resonance
scanning and EEG-guided adaptive neurostimulation. The changes in
psychophysiological indicators after stimulation relative to the initial level
were used. A statistical data analysis was performed by using the software
package Sigma-Plot 11.0. Repeated measures multiway ANOVA was used to assess
the statistical significance of the shifts for each psychophysiological
indicator under stimulation relative to the background. Although both types of
stimulation led to an increase in the power of EEG rhythms, accompanied by a
decrease in the number of errors in the word recognition test and a decrease in
the degree of emotional maladjustment, these changes reached the level of
significance only in experiments with preliminary resonance scanning. Resonance
scanning increases the brain’s responsiveness to subsequent EEG-guided adaptive
neurostimulation, acting as a tool to enhance its efficiency. The results
obtained clearly indicate that the combination of resonance scanning and
EEG-guided adaptive neurostimulation is an effective way to reach the signs of
cognitive improvement in stressed individuals. The present study also has some
limitations, such as the small number of participants and the lack of use of
special stress tests. Therefore, future
research should be conducted with a larger sample and incorporate standardised
stress assessment tools to enhance the efficacy of the findings.
Author (s) Details
Alexander I.
Fedotchev
Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya
St., Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia.
Sergey B. Parin
Department of Psychophysiology, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni
Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
Sofia A. Polevaya
Department of Psychophysiology, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni
Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v4/5601
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