Monday, 24 February 2025

Evaluating Phytochemicals Functional Groups and Mineral Composition of Allium sativum (Garlic) Cloves Using FTIR and ICPOES | Chapter 3 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 1

Background: Garlic cloves (Allium sativum) belong to the family Amaryllidaceae, a natural medicinal plant used for disease prevention against all kinds of internal infections. Preliminary screening of phytochemicals has found plenty of secondary metabolites which are present in garlic cloves. Their functional groups and mineral compositions, the potential of trace elements have been evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES).

Objective: The main objective of the study was to screen the phytochemical constituents present in garlic cloves by different solvents like hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water and find the secondary metabolites with functional moieties which are present in cloves by FTIR and to identify the mineral composition by ICPOES.

Methods: The fresh bulb cloves were collected from the Local market of Tirupati, Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. An aliquot of the dry extracts of garlic was used for phytochemical examinations to detect the secondary metabolites such as Alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides etc. The screening of phytochemicals, FTIR and ICPOES were done. All the methods were performed by standard protocols.

Results: The phytochemical screening of plant extracts of hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water revealed the presence of steroids, saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids and carbohydrates. The results of the methanolic extract of A. sativum analysis showed rich bioactive compounds. The FTIR spectroscopic studies revealed characteristic peak values from 3500-1000 cm-1 for various functional compounds like hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylic organosulfur and aromatic compounds in the garlic methanolic extract. The elements present in garlic play an important role in the treatment of various diseases described in the traditional medicinal system. The elemental analysis was carried out on garlic methanolic extract using the ICP-OES technique and it showed the order of abundance as K>P>Mg>Ca>Zn>Al that could enhance the curative process of ill health and the potentially toxic elements were not detected.

Conclusion: FTIR analysis identified specific functional groups in the methanolic extract of garlic, indicating that the properties revealed in this study could contribute to the treatment of various diseases. Thus, this data on garlic shows great importance to understanding the pharmacological actions and therapeutic efficacy possessed by a majority of active compounds.

 

Author (s) Details

 

K. Thyagaraju
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

B. J. Divya
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v1/3888

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