Background: Garlic cloves (Allium sativum) belong to the family Amaryllidaceae, a natural medicinal plant used for disease prevention against all kinds of internal infections. Preliminary screening of phytochemicals has found plenty of secondary metabolites which are present in garlic cloves. Their functional groups and mineral compositions, the potential of trace elements have been evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES).
Objective: The main objective of the
study was to screen the phytochemical constituents present in garlic cloves by
different solvents like hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water and find the
secondary metabolites with functional moieties which are present in cloves by
FTIR and to identify the mineral composition by ICPOES.
Methods: The fresh bulb cloves were
collected from the Local market of Tirupati, Chittoor district of Andhra
Pradesh. An aliquot of the dry extracts of garlic was used for phytochemical
examinations to detect the secondary metabolites such as Alkaloids, saponins,
carbohydrates, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides etc. The screening of
phytochemicals, FTIR and ICPOES were done. All the methods were performed by
standard protocols.
Results: The phytochemical screening of
plant extracts of hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water revealed the
presence of steroids, saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic
compounds, terpenoids and carbohydrates. The results of the methanolic extract
of A. sativum analysis showed rich bioactive compounds. The FTIR spectroscopic
studies revealed characteristic peak values from 3500-1000 cm-1 for various
functional compounds like hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylic organosulfur and
aromatic compounds in the garlic methanolic extract. The elements present in
garlic play an important role in the treatment of various diseases described in
the traditional medicinal system. The elemental analysis was carried out on
garlic methanolic extract using the ICP-OES technique and it showed the order
of abundance as K>P>Mg>Ca>Zn>Al that could enhance the curative
process of ill health and the potentially toxic elements were not detected.
Conclusion: FTIR analysis identified
specific functional groups in the methanolic extract of garlic, indicating that
the properties revealed in this study could contribute to the treatment of
various diseases. Thus, this data on garlic shows great importance to
understanding the pharmacological actions and therapeutic efficacy possessed by
a majority of active compounds.
Author (s) Details
K. Thyagaraju
Department of Biochemistry, Sri
Venkateswara University, Tirupathi 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
B. J. Divya
Department of Biochemistry, Sri
Venkateswara University, Tirupathi 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v1/3888
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