Introduction: Emphysematous Pyelonephritis (EPN) is a life-threatening infection characterized by gas formation within renal tissues, often associated with diabetes and immunocompromised states. Mortality rates were previously high, but advances in imaging, diagnosis, and treatment have improved outcomes.
Aim: This study aims to review recent advancements in EPN management,
from early diagnosis to current therapeutic approaches, while identifying areas
for future research and innovation.
Results: EPN is predominantly diagnosed in diabetic patients and
those with urinary obstruction. Key pathogens include Escherichia coli and
Klebsiella pneumoniae. Imaging, especially CT scan (Computed tomography), plays
a critical role in classifying and managing EPN, with minimally invasive
techniques such as percutaneous drainage emerging as effective interventions.
Medical management, including strict glycaemic control and targeted
antibiotics, has reduced the need for nephrectomy in lower-grade EPN cases.
Conclusion: Advances in EPN management—diagnostic imaging,
minimally invasive interventions, and improved medical therapy—have decreased
mortality and morbidity. Future directions include predictive analytics for
early diagnosis and novel antibiotics for resistant pathogens.
Author
(s) Details
Arvind Ramachandran
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute
of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.
Benjith Daniel F
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra
Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.
Velmurugan
Palaniyandi
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra
Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.
Hariharasudhan Sekar
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra
Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.
Sriram Krishnamoorthy
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra
Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-86-2/CH3
No comments:
Post a Comment