Monday, 30 June 2025

A Scholarly Deficit on Contextualising Physics Instruction to Agriculture and Related Fields: A Systematic Literature Review | Chapter 2 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 2

Contextualization is a process of embedding knowledge in history, culture, philosophical inquiry, and personal experiences. In education, it is defined as the process of making the curriculum relevant to certain settings, situations, or real-life applications in which learning will be meaningful and useful to all students. The promotion and integration of agriculture concepts can be strengthened by teaching physics in the context of agriculture, such as in the Philippines, with a majority of farming, livestock, and fishing communities.

 

This is a study of the literature on contextualization of physics education on agriculture and related fields conducted to determine the agriculture and related fields used to contextualize physics instruction, to determine the parts of physics instruction were contextualized to agriculture and related fields, and to determine the areas of physics in which instruction is contextualized to agriculture and related fields.

 

After reviewing published research articles from ScienceDirect, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar publications, ResearchGate, and other online research repositories used for scholarly literature, results showed that very few studies were conducted that contextualised physics instruction using agriculture and related fields.

 

In the available literature, 5.26% used farming as context of their physics instruction, another 5.26% used fishing practices as context, 31.58% used environmental context, 15.79% used Indigenous/Cultural Practices as context, and 42.11% used other contexts such as household chores, biking, and other recreational activities. Of the different fields of physics, mechanics is the most contextualised to agriculture with 52.63% of the available studies, while no study contextualised Modern Physics to agriculture and related fields. The study emphasises that educators can use concepts and practices from agriculture to make science learning more meaningful, practical, and responsive. Contextualising science activity should be an important aspect of this scientific sense-making of concepts.  Based on the literature reviewed, physics can be contextualised in a manner that talks about the related experiences of the students while it fits the parts and instructional cycle of lesson development. There is a vast amount of science and technology embedded in agricultural processes and practices that educators can harness to enhance the relevance and effectiveness of science education.

 

The study concluded that the teaching-learning/instruction and learning activities are part of a lesson often contextualised to agriculture, and no available study has contextualised the motivation part of the lesson. Most publicly available scholarly works contextualising physics lessons to agriculture are foreign; thus, efforts in this area should be pushed forward in the Philippines.

 

Author(s) Details

Rey-Mark G. Basagre
College of Development Education, Central Bicol State University of Agriculture, Philippines.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v2/5642

Integrating PDCA into University Waste Management for Green Campus Advancement | Chapter 1 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 2

Sustainable development in higher education institutions requires consistent implementation of strategic initiatives. This study examines Mahasarakham University’s waste management practices over a five-year period (2019–2023), in alignment with the UI Green Metric World University Ranking criteria. Using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) framework, the study identifies key operational strategies that contributed to the university’s progressively increasing evaluation scores in waste management. Five strategic guidelines were synthesised: (1) policy formulation with integrated KPIs, (2) budget allocation aligned with evaluation metrics, (3) inclusive participation of students and personnel, (4) structured data-driven management committees, and (5) continuous assessment through PDCA cycles. The university's waste management score improved from 900 in 2019 to 1350 in 2023. The findings provide a practical model for other institutions seeking to enhance sustainability through data-informed and participatory waste management practices.

 

Author(s) Details

Julalak Phrophayak
Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

 

Rapeepat Techarungruengsakul
Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

 

Mathinee Khotdee
Faculty of Architecture, Urban Design & Creative Arts, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

 

Sattawat Thuangchon
Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

 

Ratsuda Ngamsert
Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

 

Haris Prasanchum
Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology, Isan Khon Kaen Campus, Muang, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand.

 

Ounla Sivanpheng
Faculty of Water Resources, National University of Laos, Vientiane 01020, Laos.

 

Anongrit Kangrang
Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v2/5594

Thursday, 26 June 2025

A Review on the Mechanisms Underlying Antihypertensive and Anti-obesity Effects of Eucommia Leaf Extract between Rodents and Humans | Chapter 6 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 5

 

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 20 m in height. The bark of the tree has been listed in the Chinese pharmaceutical book “Shennong Ben Cao Jing” since 300 AD. In the 1970s, Eucommia leaf tea, known as Tochu-cha in Japanese, was developed from roasted Eucommia leaves in Japan and is considered as a healthy tea. The antihypertensive, diuretic, anti-stress, insulin resistance improvement and anti-obesity effects of Eucommia leaf extract have been reported. However, the identification and properties of the active components as well as the underlying mechanism of action are largely unknown. This review summarizes studies involving the oral administration of geniposidic acid, a major iridoid component of Eucommia leaf extract which increases plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the atria of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by activating the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Changes in the gut microbiota play an important role in the efficacy of asperuloside, another component of the Eucommia leaf extract, which improves obesity and related sequelae, such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in rodents and humans. In addition, it was shown that ANP secretion by geniposidic acid also shows an anti-obesity effect with improvement of insulin resistance in rodents. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive and anti-obesity effects of the Eucommia leaf extract and summarizes the differences of mechanisms in their effects on rodents and humans. This review discussed the potential benefits of Eucommia leaf extract, geniposidic acid, and asperuloside in managing metabolic disorders, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes in rodent models. However, to demonstrate these effects in the case of humans, a combination of a potent cAMP-PDE (cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Phosphodiesterase) inhibitor with Eucommia leaf extract may be necessary, which requires further human clinical evaluation in the future.

 

Author (s) Details

Sansei Nishibe
Faculy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan.

 

Hirotaka Oikawa
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan.

 

Kumiko Mitsui-Saitoh
Faculty of Health and Sports, Nagoya Gakuin Unversity, 1350 Kamishinano, Seto 480-1298, Aichi, Japan.

 

Junichi Sakai
Faculty of Health and Sports, Nagoya Gakuin Unversity, 1350 Kamishinano, Seto 480-1298, Aichi, Japan.

 

Wenping Zhang

Faculty of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka-cho, Suzuka 510-0293, Mie, Japan.

 

Takahiko Fujikawa
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v5/5668

Exploring the Potential of Moringa oleifera and Andrographis paniculata Leaves as Natural Growth Promoters in Broilers | Chapter 5 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 5

 

The broiler industry is presently experiencing a significant transformation, prompted by the global demand for antibiotic-free animal products and the prohibition of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs). This chapter examines the potential of Moringa oleifera and Andrographis paniculata as natural feed additives to address challenges related to productivity and health in broiler chickens. Recent research indicates that the bioactive compounds in these plants, including flavonoids, polyphenols, and andrographolides, have been demonstrated to enhance gut health and microbial populations. Notably, they reduce Escherichia coli and Salmonella counts while increasing lactic acid bacteria. Phytochemicals also contribute to improved feed efficiency and weight gain. Experimental evidence suggests that supplementation with the nano-liquid extract at a concentration of 0.75% is highly effective in optimizing growth performance, feed conversion ratio, production index, and income over feed cost (IOFC). The incorporation of Moringa oleifera and Andrographis paniculata into broiler nutrition represents a viable, sustainable, and health-conscious alternative to synthetic feed additives, thereby supporting animal welfare and consumer safety.

 

Author (s) Details

Muhammad Halim Natsir
Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia.

 

Yuli Frita Nuningtyas
Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia.

 

Feri Eko Hermanto
Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia.

Filoza Marwi

Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia.

 

Ilham Fithrah Hasanain
Halal Institute and Lingkar Strategic, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v5/5785

 

The Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Effects of Plant Products | Chapter 4 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 5

Plant product toxicity or herbal toxicity is a field that has rapidly grown worldwide over the last few years, along with increased use of plant products. The aim of this study is to discuss the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of some plant products. This chapter mainly focuses on the plants that are accepted as healthy; however, they contain genotoxic and carcinogenic compounds. This chapter discussed the commonly used herbal foods and medications that are carcinogenic. Moreover, the risks and hazards of some plants were discussed, and thorough studies were conducted.

 

Herbs, seeds, leaves or plant products are widely used as food, medicines, and even some people become addicted to betel nut chewing, pan masala, tobacco products, particularly cigarettes, etc., but sometimes may cause adverse effects in the body. These products induce various diseases, illnesses and even cancer. Therefore, using herbal products or medicines does not ensure their complete safety. These plant products or extracts are known to contain chemical components identified as significant genotoxic mutagens and carcinogens. Sometimes, these genotoxic agents are transformed or metabolised into procarcinogens and carcinogens. For example, fungal toxin aflatoxin is metabolised into a poisonous carcinogen that can cause the mutation of the p53 gene, and finally, hepatocellular carcinoma is induced. Contradictory results are often obtained with the beneficial and adverse effects of plant products as reported. The researchers should conduct further studies to assess the toxicity of plant products and their interactive effects on cancer risk. The government should take the initiative to inspire researchers to conduct extensive research in this field and to educate the general public about the need to restrict the excessive use of these products.

 

Author (s) Details

Sudipta Chowdhury
P.G. Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandrakona Town, Paschim Medinipore -721201, West Bengal, India.

 

Samarendra Nath Banerjee
Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, 102/1 Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata-700009, West Bengal, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v5/5703

Evaluation of the In-vitro Antioxidant Activity and In-vivo Anti-Wrinkle Activities of Combined Lavandula angustifolia and Nerium oleander on Laboratory Mice | Chapter 3 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 5

The current study investigates the in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo anti-wrinkle effects of a combined ethanolic leaf extract of Lavandula angustifolia and Nerium oleander on laboratory mice. Antioxidant potential was evaluated using assays such as the hydrogen peroxide scavenging method. The combined extract IC50 value was found to be 17.96±2 which is comparable to standard Ascorbic acid (19.95±2). The in vivo anti-wrinkle activity was assessed by topically applying the extract to the UV-exposed skin of laboratory mice over a specified period. Key indicators such as wrinkle reduction and improvements in skin appearance were monitored and the results were tabulated in Table 13. The results demonstrated that the combined leaf extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity, suggesting its potential to mitigate oxidative stress. Furthermore, the in vivo application significantly improved skin parameters, confirming its efficacy in reducing wrinkle formation. These findings highlight the potential use of this plant-based formulation in cosmetic and therapeutic applications for skin health.

 

Author (s) Details

K. V. Naga Lakshmi
Acharya Nagarjuna University, India and Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India.

 

SK. Abdul Rahaman
Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India.

 

Devanaboyina Narendra
VJ’s College of Pharmacy, Diwancheruvu, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v5/5740

Ecological Trends and Management Approaches for Pear Psylla Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) in Kashmir, India | Chapter 2 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 5


Pear (Pyrus communis), a commercially important fruit crop, is widely cultivated across temperate regions of India, particularly in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Since prehistoric times, pear has been utilized as food, making them the second most significant fruit in the temperate region. Among its key pests, Pear Psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster) has emerged as a serious threat, causing considerable damage by stunting tree growth, reducing fruit size, and inducing premature leaf drop. This study assessed the impact of various abiotic factors—namely temperature, humidity, and rainfall—on the seasonal incidence and population dynamics of Pear Psylla across four locations in the Baramulla and Srinagar districts of Kashmir. Regular monitoring of pest populations alongside meteorological observations revealed a positive correlation between psylla abundance and both maximum and minimum temperatures, whereas rainfall and maximum relative humidity exhibited a negative correlation. Regression analysis indicated that these climatic variables collectively explained up to 95% of the variation in psylla populations. Among the insecticides tested, cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD demonstrated the highest efficacy (92.74%), followed closely by acetamiprid 20% SP (90.87%). The findings suggest that the optimal temperature range for psylla development lies between 27°C and 29°C, underlining the significant influence of weather conditions on pest population dynamics. These insights can inform the development of timely and effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for Pear Psylla. IPM is often recognised as a pest management program that incorporates multiple techniques including cultural, biological, physical and chemical controls to limit risks to human and ecosystem health.

 

Author (s) Details

Kusum
Division of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, 190025, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v5/5654