Environmental Compliance and Poultry Waste Management in Commercial Layer Farms of Batangas, Philippines | Chapter 2 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 7

 

The performance of the layer industry is strongly influenced by management practices, including nutrition and waste management, with proper utilisation, such as composting, biogas generation, and use as organic fertiliser, helping to reduce environmental hazards like water contamination, air pollution, and the spread of diseases, while ensuring compliance with environmental regulations and sustainable farming practices. The study aimed to assess waste management practices, the utilisation of poultry waste, compliance with environmental regulations, and potential environmental hazards among the 100 selected commercial layer chicken farms in Batangas, Philippines. Using a purposive sampling method and a descriptive survey design, the study was conducted in ten municipalities with the highest inventory of layer chicken farms, as recorded by the Department of Agriculture Region IV-A. Results revealed that most farms generated cage layer waste and primarily disposed of dry manure, with an average daily manure production of 833.17kg. Manure was commonly collected by manure buyers or given free to neighbours and LGUs, while 36% of farmers sold manure for use as fertiliser. Although 66% of farms had compost pits, storage capacity was generally insufficient relative to the volume of manure produced, and only a few farms utilised manure for biogas. Compliance with ECC and RA 6969 was high, although ISO certifications remained uncommon. Flies and odour were the most frequently reported environmental concerns, often associated with inadequate manure drying, prolonged waste storage, and poor waste-handling facilities. Farmers with higher educational attainment demonstrated better compliance with environmental standards. Overall, the findings indicate that while basic waste management practices are implemented, significant gaps remain in storage capacity, manure handling, and odour and fly control. Strengthened training programs, improving waste utilisation technologies, and increased engagement in poultry associations are recommended to support better waste management and environmental compliance.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Monette S. De Castro-Naagas
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Allied Fields, Mindoro State University, Philippines.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v7/6866

Waste Generation and Prospects for Utilization in Azerbaijan's Mining Ore Industry | Chapter 1 | Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 3

 

Azerbaijan's dynamic growth and socio-economic development prove that ensuring the industry has the necessary mineral raw materials is an acute and urgent issue. This requires an increase in the use of metals and ores, along with the proper redevelopment of waste and previously developed deposit remains, such as Dashkesen iron, Zaylik alunite, Paragachay molybdenum, Gumushluk lead-zinc deposits, etc., using modern techniques and technology. As it is known, the primary raw materials in the development of ferrous metallurgy are iron ore, chromite and manganese ore, coke coal, flux, and refractory materials. Research indicates that a sufficient resource base for ferrous metallurgy in Azerbaijan will not only facilitate the efficient development of the Ganja metallurgical plant but also enable the export of its products. Furthermore, implementing these techniques and technology will contribute to the socioeconomic growth of the country's economy and ensure that environmental considerations are considered in Azerbaijan's mining industry.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Zarifa Efendiyeva

Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, AZ1010, Azerbaijan.

Anvar Mammadli

Western Australian School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Kalgoorlie, 6430, Western Australia, Australia.

 

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v3/722

 

Intensifying Waste Management on Guam: Insights from Consumption Behaviour and Composting Initiatives | Chapter 7 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 7

 

This study presented the efficacy of knowledge-based resource-recovery management to transform municipal waste into a valuable soil conditioner. Guam is a small, isolated tropical island in the western Pacific with a population of over 160,000 people. Although population growth and life style have been shown to have strong effects on the character and generation of waste, very little is known about consumption patterns and behavior of the people of Guam in this regard. Currently landfilling is the only discard method available to the island. Rapid increases in the volume and variety of solid and hazardous waste as a result of continuous economic growth, urbanization, and industrialization are a burgeoning problem for national and local governments, which must ensure effective and sustainable management of waste. Placement of huge volumes of organic waste material in landfills not only causes environmental problems for the island but in fact constitutes loss of valuable resources that could be composted and made available for land application as a soil amendment in forest lands, farm fields, and home gardens. Composting on the other hand reduces both the volume and the mass of the raw material while transforming it into a valuable soil conditioner. Here we present some of the results of survey questionnaires that was developed and conducted over the past two years that is anticipated to help waste operating managers and decision makers to determine societal consumption behavior and residential life style as the first step toward development of an effective waste-management strategy for the island of Guam. In this regards, we also presented an example of a large scale composting method developed in Isfahan, Iran, for recycling of organic wastes of municipal origin. Different zero-waste management strategies and techniques have been developed and adopted in different countries [1], but the strategy used in the city of Isfahan, Iran, which includes large-scale mechanical composting as a major component is of particular interest to Guam and the neighboring islands in the Micronesian region.

 

Author(s) Details

MH Golabi
College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA.

Kirk Johnson
College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA.

Takeshi Fujiwara
Solid Waste Management Research Center, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama, 7008530, Japan.

Eri Ito
Solid Waste Management Research Center, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama, 7008530, Japan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v7/808

Integrating PDCA into University Waste Management for Green Campus Advancement | Chapter 1 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 2

Sustainable development in higher education institutions requires consistent implementation of strategic initiatives. This study examines Mahasarakham University’s waste management practices over a five-year period (2019–2023), in alignment with the UI Green Metric World University Ranking criteria. Using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) framework, the study identifies key operational strategies that contributed to the university’s progressively increasing evaluation scores in waste management. Five strategic guidelines were synthesised: (1) policy formulation with integrated KPIs, (2) budget allocation aligned with evaluation metrics, (3) inclusive participation of students and personnel, (4) structured data-driven management committees, and (5) continuous assessment through PDCA cycles. The university's waste management score improved from 900 in 2019 to 1350 in 2023. The findings provide a practical model for other institutions seeking to enhance sustainability through data-informed and participatory waste management practices.

 

Author(s) Details

Julalak Phrophayak
Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

 

Rapeepat Techarungruengsakul
Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

 

Mathinee Khotdee
Faculty of Architecture, Urban Design & Creative Arts, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

 

Sattawat Thuangchon
Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

 

Ratsuda Ngamsert
Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

 

Haris Prasanchum
Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology, Isan Khon Kaen Campus, Muang, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand.

 

Ounla Sivanpheng
Faculty of Water Resources, National University of Laos, Vientiane 01020, Laos.

 

Anongrit Kangrang
Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v2/5594

Valorization of Agricultural Waste from Piggeries in Residential Areas to Promote Sustainable Production | Chapter 7 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 1

Piggeries are a quick way of generating an income in agriculture. Pigs multiply fast and can be used to generate an income within a short space of time, bringing in better livelihoods for the farmers and their families. Apart from the bright side of hog raising, there are some policy challenges in economic, environmental, health and social dimensions for sustainable agriculture. There are places where piggeries are located within residential areas hence need to consider their implication on the wellbeing of the people and their environment. An evaluation of opinions of various inhabitants of Seke Communal lands, in Mashonaland East province of Zimbabwe indicated that 70% of the population do not support piggery projects to be sited within the vicinity of homesteads. This population understood and resented the social and environmental implications of piggery waste and wastewater within their community. When proximate analysis was carried out on pig waste. It was noted to possess high levels of phosphates and nitrates amongst other nutrients. These were noted to be beneficial in crops when handled sustainably in promoting green production. On the other side, when handled otherwise, the same elements may pollute the environment with serious consequences. It was noted that splitting the waste into solid and liquid reduced the foul smell peculiar to piggeries. Using the waste management hierarchy priorities, piggery waste nutrients and wastewater recycling were recommended as better options for production system sustainability and environmental protection. It was noted that the solid waste could be composted or processed into organic fertilizers. Irrigation suitability tests were used to recommend the liquid for prior treatment before field applications through irrigation in promoting the circular economy. The same liquid could be edified and used in liquid fertilizer manufacturing. This study demonstrated the need for proper piggery waste management especially when the piggeries are located amongst various homesteads and also adequate regulatory enforcement. It was also noted that there is a need to keep updating statutory instruments in line with current scientific findings pertaining to the implications of piggery waste and wastewater on current environmental demands.

 

Author (s) Details

Samuel Kodani
Fertilizers, Farm Feeds and Remedies Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v1/2829

Urban Landfills and Bird Ecology: Evaluating and Protecting Migratory Birds in Tayba Al Hasanab, Khartoum, Sudan | Chapter 7 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 6

Open landfill sites, when managed properly, can become valuable feeding grounds for birds. These waste disposal areas often support a range of trophic generalist species, such as storks and scavenger raptors, which thrive on readily available food sources.  Managed open landfill sites often act as critical feeding grounds for a variety of bird species. The availability of food waste at these sites creates favorable conditions for numerous generalist species, including scavengers and raptors. This study was designed to evaluate bird diversity and abundance in and around the Tayba Al Hasanab Landfill, located in Khartoum. To achieve this, a comprehensive bird census was conducted in January 2021 using a block count method. Additionally, field observations were complemented by a structured questionnaire, with interviews carried out among landfill staff and waste collectors to gather insights on bird presence, population trends, and diversity.

The results of the block count revealed the presence of 23 bird species within the landfill and its surrounding areas. These species, which rely on the food resources provided by the landfill, spanned 8 avian orders and 11 families. The most abundant species observed at the site included the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) with 97 individuals, the Black Kite (Milvus migrans) with 67 individuals, the Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) with 42 individuals, and the Laughing Dove (Spilopelia senegalensis) with 36 individuals. This dominance suggests that these species are particularly adept at exploiting the landfill’s food resources. While most species identified are classified as least concern, the Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), an endangered species, was also observed foraging at the site.

Interviews revealed that bird activity was consistently noted around the landfill, with reports of both live and dead birds. Notably, fatalities included incidents such as a White Stork colliding with and being electrocuted by power lines near the landfill. These observations highlight the need for targeted surveys to identify hazardous power lines around the landfill, which could then be replaced or retrofitted with appropriate mitigation measures to prevent further bird casualties.

The study also found that bird abundance and interspecific interactions varied across seasons, reflecting the dynamic nature of bird communities in response to food availability and environmental factors. Since the large presence of birds at landfills may contribute to environmental and public health challenges in urban areas, this study emphasizes the importance of monitoring seasonal fluctuations in bird populations. Moreover, it underscores the need for improved landfill management practices to minimize potential conflicts between wildlife and urban development. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the bird diversity, habitat conditions, and ecological dynamics within the Tayba Al Hasanab Landfill and its surrounding environment. The availability of a constant and abundant food supply in landfills plays a crucial role in attracting numerous bird species.

 

Author (s) Details

Mutasim Essa Abdallah Adam
Department of Biodiversity, Higher Council of Environment, Urban and Rural Promotion, Khartoum, Sudan.

Mawya Ahmed Elshafea Mohamed
Department of Environmental Impact Assessment and Authorization, Higher Council of Environment, Urban and Rural Promotion, Khartoum, Sudan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v6/4413

The Factors Affecting Waste Reduction among Food Vendors | Chapter 2 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 3

Waste management is a current major challenge for all communities around the world. This study conducted in the Manzese Ward of Dar-es-Salaam city in Tanzania, aimed at identifying the individual and institutional factors associated with waste minimization among food vendors, determining the level of waste minimization among food vendors, and investigating the association between related factors (individual and institutional factors) and waste minimization among food vendors.

Quantitative data collection strategies were used. The study collected data from 234 participants, selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate analyses, and a multivariate ordinal logistic model was fitted.

The results show that most vendors are young (less than 35 years old), have basic education, and have a positive attitude toward waste minimization. The most significant factors for waste minimization among the food vendors working in Manzese Ward were education level (AOR= 35; 95% CI: 69-0.70; p=029), monthly income (AOR= 49; 95% CI: 20-12; p=118), knowledge level (AOR= 36; 95% CI; 15-85; p<0.003), and attitude (AOR=17; 95% CI: 69-42; p<0.001). These factors are important for reducing waste and maintaining low waste production by food vendors.

The levels of income, knowledge, and attitude of the vendors were identified as being crucial factors in minimizing waste. While provision of equipment for waste segregation, collection and removal, and the provision of sanitary facilities were identified as being important institutional factors contributing towards minimizing waste. These factors are relatively easier to implement and enforce, especially for developing economies leading to effective waste management.

 

Author (s) Details

 

David R. Mutekanga
School of Graduate Studies, Bugema University, Kampala, Uganda.

Geraldina Mwita
School of Graduate Studies, Bugema University, Kampala, Uganda.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v3/3064

Investigating the Prevalence of Occupational Injuries among Workers in the Informal Recycling Businesses | Chapter 2 | Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 10

Occupation-Related Injuries (ORIs) and sicknesses continue to be major public health concerns requiring serious and urgent action. There is increasing global concern about the prevalence of occupational injuries among workers in informal recycling in developing countries especially those in sub-Saharan Africa. This is arising due partly to the poor methods of waste management. This was observed in the eastern African countries and in particular in Uganda. Solid waste recycling in Uganda landfill is done manually, which requires repeated heavy physical activities such as lifting, carrying, pulling, and pushing. In Uganda, especially in the Kiteezi landfill, the solid waste recycling process raises a lot of concern as solid waste recyclers are exposed to a number of health hazards leading to injuries. The study focused on the Kiteezi Landfill site in Wakiso District central Uganda and investigated the prevalence of occupational injuries among workers in informal recycling businesses, the factors (individual and institutional) influencing the prevalence of these injuries and the association between these factors.

The study employed a quantitative research approach using a cross-sectional research design and collected data from 112 participants who were selected by stratified sampling technique. This data was collected using a structured questionnaire and was analyzed at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. Data was analyzed using the SPSS version 2020. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were used to respond to objectives one and two and chi-square analysis was used to analyze the objectives of the study in order to determine the association between the organizational factors, individual factors and the prevalence of occupational injuries.

The results show that the prevalence of occupational injuries was 55.4% and the only significant factor was accessibility to sanitation facilities (AOR= 0.38; 95%CI: 0.16-0.94, P = 0.05). Disruption in access to sanitation facilities predisposes the workers in informal recycling businesses to increased incidences of occupational injuries. There is a high prevalence of occupational injuries among workers in this informal recycling unit which if not addressed will inevitably contribute to the increase of the disease burden in the country.

This study therefore strongly recommends the need for not only education and awareness for the workers but also provision of all the essential personal protective equipment and processes and relevant accessible sanitary facilities.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Mukiibi A
School of Graduate Studies, Bugema University, Uganda.

Kibirige I
University of Limpopo, South Africa.

Mutekanga DR
School of Graduate Studies, Bugema University, Uganda.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/bmerp/v10/2869

Microplastics and Their Possible Effects on Seafoods | Chapter 6 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 1

It is known that plastics and microplastics, which are their breakdown products, have harmful effects on human health and contain some commonly used chemicals. It is known that plastic particles, which are increasingly becoming a global problem, have many negative effects on the environment and human health. People are constantly exposed to plastic through contaminated food, misused plastic products, atmospheric fallout and urban dust containing microplastics, personal care products (PCPs) and synthetic clothing. some plastic products, such as bisphenol (BPA), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dichlorobiphenyls trichloroethanes (DDTs), and PFOs contain toxic additives, thus posing a risk factor for marine organisms. Therefore, assessing the possible impact of microplastic levels on marine food chains and humans is considered important for human health.

 

Although definitive evidence linking microplastic consumption to human health is not sufficient, the results obtained from studies conducted on humans exposed to high concentrations of microplastics, model animal and cell culture experiments, it is possible to say that the effects of microplastics trigger some negative developments related to the immune, neurological, and hormonal systems. Nonetheless, knowledge on microplastic toxicity is still limited and largely influenced by exposure concentration, particle properties, adsorbed contaminants, tissues involved and individual susceptibility, requiring further research.

Author(s) Details:

Mustafa Türkmen,
Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.

Fulya Öztas,
Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.

Haydar Öztas,
N. Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAEGES-V1/article/view/14080

Developing and Standardizing the Scale to Measure the Attitude of Homemakers towards the Management of Household Waste | Chapter 4 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 1

The present study primarily focuses on developing and standardizing the scale to measure the attitude of homemakers towards the management of household waste. The problem of waste management has been increasing globally day by day and the waste from the houses is one of the dynamic issues in the current scenario. The rapid change in lifestyles has made waste management one of the major issues universally. Inappropriate waste management could be a threat to the environment as well as living beings. Waste is not generated by any one entity but, industries, businesses and households are equally responsible for it. Effective waste management begins at the source, and in order to do this, people need to have the proper mindset on sensible trash management. The homemaker has a big influence on how waste is managed in the house, but what matters more is how they feel about it. A homemaker with a positive outlook can aid in effective waste management. The scale consisted of two parts: (i) Segregation of household waste and (ii) Disposal of household waste. Initially, the scale consisted of 48 statements with a .80 reliability but after eliminating 6 indistinct statements the reliability of the attitude scale increased to .85. So finally, the standardized scale to measure the attitude of the homemakers towards the management of household waste was constructed with 42 statements and .85 reliability. It is expected that the findings of the current study may help in all upcoming studies to measure the attitude of the respondents with a more reliable and standardized scale.

Author(s) Details:

Kalpana Srivastava,
Department of Family Resource Management, S.M. Patel College of Home Science, Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CRBME-V1/article/view/13489

Study on Waste Management Using Regression Analysis in Karnataka, India | Chapter 13 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 The waste-process and allure intricacy administration has obtained extreme attention in current years everywhere the globe and again it causes chain-linked weighty environmental and terrestrial problems. The potential of Multi Linear Regression (MLR)-model helps in indicator of waste-management, the data is changed into Waste Disposed in Tonnes (WDT), Waste Recycled Tonne (WRT), Waste Generated Tonne (WGT). These includes overall reusing rate every-period. The article primarily focuses on graphical representation of waste-administration and future-prediction of waste-administration. This model helps to state the difference middle from two points actual-principles and predicted-principles which gives united states of america best confirmation. This model maybe applicable each and every waste of state & envision the future-management of wastes. With the help of this model the total waste method can be surely segregated for-future-use.

Author(s) Details:

Mahalakshmi,
Department of Mathematics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Naveen N.,
Department of Mathematics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

M. Rajeshwari,
Department of Mathematics, Presidency University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V8/article/view/12392