The Vector Control of Induction Machines with MRAS-Based Third-Order Sliding Mode Speed Observer | Chapter 3| Current Concepts in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 1

 

The effectiveness of vector control depends heavily on the accurate estimation of rotor flux and speed. Among sensorless techniques, Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) are widely used due to its simplicity and low computational cost. This chapter presents an advanced vector control strategy for induction machines that combines a Third-Order Sliding Mode (TOSM) control scheme with a MRAS–based speed observer. The proposed MRAS-TOSM structure ensures precise and reliable rotor speed estimation under parameter uncertainties and varying operating conditions. By integrating third-order sliding mode control, the system exhibits enhanced robustness against disturbances and parameter variations (such as stator resistance and rotor inductance), fast convergence, and minimised estimation errors. Key performance metrics, including overshoot reduction, settling time, and steady-state accuracy, are analysed in detail through extensive simulation studies. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly improves dynamic performance, stability, and robustness compared to conventional control methods. The results also highlight its potential for high-performance industrial drive applications and practical implementations, making it a suitable solution for both academic research and real-world engineering systems.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Rakia Tarkhani
Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia and Laboratory of Automatic, Electrical Systems and Environment, National Engineering School of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia.

 

Saber Krim
Laboratory of Automatic, Electrical Systems and Environment, National Engineering School of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia.

 

Mohamed Faouzi Mimouni
Laboratory of Automatic, Electrical Systems and Environment, National Engineering School of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ccert/v1/7058

Development and Performance Evaluation of Vehicle-Mounted Wind Turbine for Electrical Power Generation | Chapter 2 | Current Concepts in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 1

Environmental degradation from continuous use of fossil fuels and the attendant effects on human and animal environments demand sustainable, renewable energy alternatives to protect the environment from further deterioration. Wind energy offers a promising solution as it is available everywhere, inexhaustible, and can be accessed anytime for the continuous powering of electric vehicles while in motion. The present study aims to investigate the effects of wind speed, car speed, and altitude on power generation using a vehicle-mounted wind turbine (VMWT) on a moving vehicle. A VMWT was developed and tested at varying altitudes, wind and vehicle speeds across the northern and southern zones of Nigeria to assess its energy generation potential for use in powering electric vehicles. The Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) utilised a dynamo rated at 12V 10 W at 325 rpm, a swept area of 0.159 m2 operating directly without a mechanical multiplier system, a cup anemometer and a data logger to capture real-time data. The data obtained was analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) SPSS16 and Minitab software and Design Expert.v.18. The data obtained was grouped using six driving speed ranges (0-20km/hr,20- 40km/hr,40-60km/hr,60-80km/hr,80-100km/hr and 100-120km/hr), four altitude ranges (0- 100m,100-200m,200-300m, and 300-400m) and four wind speed ranges (0-50m/s,50-100m/s,200- 250m/s and above 250m/s). The lowest mean wind speed of 8.68m/s was recorded at a car driving speed range of 0-20km/hr and at an altitude range of 0-100m and the mean power generated was 266.476mW, while the highest mean wind speed of 108.47m/s occurred at a driving speed range of 100-120km/hr at altitude range of 100-200m with a peak electrical power of 6479.242mW. The peak power output of 6662.131mW for this research was recorded at the altitude range of 300-400m, driving speed range of 100-120km/hr and wind speed 570m/s. This output can be further enhanced by utilising both a mechanical multiplier and a buck-boost converter to efficiently charge the car battery, thereby extending the vehicle's driving range. The result of this Study shows that electrical power generation increased with higher vehicle speeds and wind speeds across all altitude ranges. Further studies are required to be carried out on the turbine blades for increased power generation.

 

 

Author(s) Details

B. Olajiga
Centre for Renewable Energy Technology (CRET), Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

 

O. J. Olukunle
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

 

J. Isa
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ccert/v1/6995

Investigating the Grindability Behaviour of Anka’s-Zamfara State, Nigeria Manganese Ore, Towards Effective Manganese Mineral Liberation | Chapter 1 | Current Concepts in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 1

 

Mineral processing involves the enrichment of concentrate by separating the grains of valuable mineral from the gauge, and since most ore minerals are usually finely intimately associated with gangue minerals, the various minerals must be liberated before they can be collected as separate products. The Bond standard grindability test provides a Work Index that is widely used to estimate the energy required for ore grinding. The research investigates the work index of Anka Manganese ore at the Anka deposit in Zamfara state, Nigeria. The reference ore (Quartz) was sourced from the studied ore overburden in the mine. 500 g each of the manganese ore and quartz were sampled and prepared by crushing and grinding to 100% passing a 1200 μm sieve. 100 g of prepared ores were charged into an array of sieves arranged in √2 series from 1000 μm to 63 μm. A set of sieves was mounted on the Automated Pascal Denver sieve shaker (16153) and was in operation for 20 minutes. The work index of reference ore was used to calculate the work index of the test ore using Gaudin Schuman expression to obtain a work index of 14.16 Kwh/ton for test ore and it lies within the work index of 10-15.14 Kwh/ton for manganese ore stated in the literature and the energy expended to achieve communition at mineral liberation size was calculated to be 3.3984 Kw/ton. Assessing the grindability behaviour of  Anka manganese ore towards effective manganese mineral liberation was investigated. This is very important to know the grinding characteristics of the ore towards the determination of suitable power to be selected for its comminution process and hence selecting suitable design parameters for the construction of grinding machine suitable for communition process of studied test ore to its liberation size avoid excess grinding or under grinding.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Y. E. Gbadamosi
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.

 

O. O. Alabi
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.

 

J. O. Borode
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.

 

F. O. Aramide
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ccert/v1/6919

 

Internet of Things Security: Requirements, Challenges and Mitigation Strategies | Chapter 4 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 8

 

Background: The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most promising technologies that aims to enhance humans’ quality of life (QoL). IoT plays a significant role in several fields such as healthcare, automotive industries, agriculture, education, and many cross-cutting business applications. Despite the growing body of literature on IoT security in recent years, critical gaps remain unaddressed.

 

Objectives: This study explores the multifaceted security issues of IoT environments, highlighting current gaps and presenting modern technological solutions. The key purpose of the study is to systematically explore the diverse security challenges in IoT environments, critically assess current technological solutions, and identify unresolved issues along with potential directions for future research.

 

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted for the period 2020–2025, covering more than 50 studies from IEEE, ACM, Elsevier, and SpringerLink. Selected papers were evaluated based on relevance, peer-review status, and contribution to IoT security.

 

Findings: Security remains a major concern as IoT device connectivity expands across industries. IoT systems face unique challenges such as weak authentication, lightweight encryption requirements, and large-scale heterogeneity. This study synthesises current solutions like multi-factor authentication, blockchain, and machine learning for intrusion detection.

 

Conclusion: There is a critical need for integrated, multilayered security frameworks suitable for large-scale and resource-constrained IoT deployments. Future work should focus on real-time, context-aware, and energy-efficient security models validated on realistic testbeds.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Anamul Haque Sadial

Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, 9th Mile, Ribhoi, Meghalaya, India.

 

Atowar Ul Islam
Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, 9th Mile, Ribhoi, Meghalaya, India.

 

S Md S Askari
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v8/7152

A Fractional-Order Pneumonia Transmission Model Using the Generalised Atangana–Baleanu Derivative: Analysis and Numerical Simulations | Chapter 3 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 8

 

Pneumonia remains a major global health burden, especially among children under five and the elderly, and is a leading cause of death in many low- and middle-income countries. In this paper, we formulate a novel fractional pneumonia model utilising the generalized Atangana–Baleanu (GAB) derivative. Pneumonia remains a global health threat, particularly in regions with limited medical infrastructure. We extend the traditional integer-order compartmental model into a fractional framework to capture the hereditary properties and memory effects of disease transmission. We establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions for all compartments (Vaccinated V, Susceptible S, Carrier C, Infected I, and Recovered R) using fixed-point theory. This mathematical foundation ensures the biological feasibility of our memory-dependent model, which has significant implications for understanding persistent transmission patterns in pneumonia epidemiology. A numerical scheme based on Newton polynomial interpolation is derived. Finally, we discuss the comparative dynamics of the model relative to data trends for Iowa and Mississippi, demonstrating that fractional-order derivatives provide superior flexibility in fitting localised epidemic spikes compared to traditional models. Our key finding shows that regions with higher vaccination efficacy experience significantly flattened epidemic curves, highlighting the critical importance of vaccination coverage in pneumonia control strategies.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Khan Sana Rahman
Department of Applied Science, Everest College of Engineering and Technology, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v8/7117

Association between Farmers’ Profile Characteristics and the Effectiveness of Televised Farm Broadcast Programmes in Andhra Pradesh | Chapter 2 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 8

 

Television is the most powerful audiovisual medium, evolving from its humble beginnings in 1936. In today's world, it has grown into a huge network for mass information and mass entertainment. As an effective medium of mass communication, television plays a crucial role in the agricultural sector, making proper planning and execution of farm broadcast programmes essential for bringing about desired changes in agricultural communities. The present study was taken up to investigate the relationship between the profile characteristics of televiewing farmers and the effectiveness of farm broadcast programmes. The study was conducted in Andhra Pradesh using an ex-post facto research design. Out of the 13 districts of Andhra Pradesh, four districts were selected randomly. Two mandals from each district and two villages from each mandal were selected randomly. After listing out the total number of farmers who have television sets, 15 farmers from each village were chosen by a simple random sampling method; the total sample size became 240. The primary data were collected by using a pre–tested interview schedule. To convert the data into meaningful findings, statistical tools such as the Correlation coefficient (r) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) were used. The findings indicated that, out of sixteen profile characteristics selected, thirteen, viz., age, education, farming experience, socio-economic status, innovativeness, mass media exposure, marketing orientation, risk orientation, economic orientation, scientific orientation, extension contact, social participation and training exposure had significant relationship with the effectiveness of farm broadcasts. The other profile characteristics such as farm size, annual income and cropping intensity, did not show any relationship. The MLR analysis found that all 16 profile characteristics of televiewing farmers put together explained about 78.64 per cent variation in the effectiveness of farm broadcasts. The remaining 21.36 per cent is due to the extraneous profile characteristics, which were not considered under study. The profile characteristics, namely socio-economic status, mass media exposure, risk orientation, economic orientation, scientific orientation, extension contact and annual income were found to be positively significant at the 0.01 level of significance. The variable social participation was found to be positively significant at the 0.05 level of significance. This study concludes that farm broadcast programmes provide a comprehensive understanding of agricultural technologies and effectively supplement knowledge gained through training programmes. Due to its audio-visual component and comprehensive nature, the effectiveness of farm broadcasts increases with increasing training exposure. Future studies may include additional profile characteristics like achievement motivation, management orientation, previous knowledge, production orientation, planning orientation, price situation, input accessibility, etc., which are likely to affect them and which are beyond the present study, and may also be studied.

 

 

Author(s) Details

M. V. Krishnaji
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, Achraya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

T. Gopi Krishna
Mekapati Gowtham Reddy Agricultural College, Udayagiri, SPSR Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v8/7052

Safeguarding Cultural Heritage: The Role of Narrative Transmission in Preserving Mt. Isarog's Indigenous Knowledge | Chapter 1 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 8

 

Literature is the oldest means of transferring knowledge and understanding the culture of the people in a community. However, the legend of Mt. Isarog is neither widely dispersed to the community nor in the canon for reading literature and understanding culture, unlike several myths and legends about mountains in the Philippines that are in printed books, such as “The Legend of Maria Makiling,” “The Legend of Daragang Magayon,” and “Bulusan and Aguingay.”

 

Despite technological advances in communication methods and information dissemination, it is vital to understand the impact of oral literature on a region’s cultural diversity. Yet, the transferring of knowledge through oral traditions—particularly those surrounding Mt. Isarog—presents challenges in accurately interpreting local cultures, traditions, languages, settlements, and histories. The study investigates the Role of Narrative Transmission in Preserving Mt. Isarog's Indigenous Knowledge.

 

Oral literature pertaining to Mt. Isarog is accounts of the mountain residents, who mostly worked with children and relatives as farmers, tenants, and labourers on farms, whose culture and tradition are becoming disoriented and varied because of the modern cultures viewed through social media and the migration of the natives and ecotourism. The study revealed that the compiled and recorded oral literature are beneficial reference paraphernalia in showcasing the lifestyle of the old natives in the mountains; valuable sources of old knowledge of the Camarinense in cultural-based ecotourism; links between Bicolanos’ past and present cultures; and mitigation tools to more complexities in conveying meanings in educating people, sharing mythological knowledge, and conserving the region’s unique cultural heritage. Findings suggest that the Camarinense people should cultivate a strong sense of responsibility toward protecting and valuing local oral literature while also actively participating in the preservation of Mt. Isarog’s unique biodiversity through ecotourism initiatives. This should be done in terms of future studies and will be stressed by collecting information about the studies done by the tourism council and tourism educators, and strengthening local identity.

 

Author(s) Details

Maria Aurora Gratela-Caballero
Andragogy Department, College of Education, Partido State University, Goa, Philippines.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v8/6008