Analysis of Photochemical Constituents and Anti- bacterial Activity on Tridax procumbens Plant Extract for Wound Care Applications | Chapter 12 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.2

The serviceable necessities of shielding textiles are very important need of current environmental issues and based on the requirements the use of natural plants with various healing properties for wound care infections. The special factor of perfect comfort also has become the necessary for protective care textiles. The Tridax procumbens is one of the incredibly important natural plant available in the all areas with hygienic properties. The Tridax procumbens herb leaves were collected and extracted and it was coated on bamboo fabric. The extract coated samples was tested under phytochemical analysis and exhibited the incidence of phytochemicals. The anti-microbial activity of 6% and 12% conc tridax plant ethanolic extract coated samples were tested namely AATCC 147 and AATCC 100 tests against both gram positive and gram negative bacterial pathogens.The test result shows that the tridax plant 12% coated sample proved greater antibacterial activity than 6% coated sample. Based on the results, the coated extract can be applied to any textile material for wound care applications.
  

Author(s) Details 

Dr. V. Krishnaveni,
Department of Fashion Technology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore – 641049, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Application of the Cryopreserved Pigskin Substrate for Correction of Immunity Disorder (Experimental Research) | Chapter 11 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.2

Introduction: Allergic pathology remains a global problem of humanity. Despite a wide range of antiallergicdrugs, the problem of developing reasonable and safe measures for allergic diseases (ADs) treatment and prevention remains unresolved. Among existing modern therapeutic measures, particular attention is drawn to the allergen-specific immunotherapy. It seems promising to use the cryopreserved pigskin substrate (CPSS), cellular elements of which serve as the source of antigens and are capable of triggering immunotolerance mechanisms. We investigated the effect of CPSS on the development of mouse immunodeficiency and an allergic reaction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH).  Materials and Methods: The effect of CPSS on the development of mouse immunodeficiency induced by hydrocortisone acetate (once, intraperitoneally, 250 mg/kg,) was investigated. The CPSS was administered on a daily basis into the stomach of animals as a suspension emulsified with Tween at dosas 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. As the reference drug, we used an analog regarding pharmacological action, the immunostimulatory agent of natural origin thymalin, lyophilisate for solution for injections (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Blood serum of experimental animals was analyzed to assess parameters of the humoral component of the immune system, namely, titers of hemolysins and hemagglutinins and the number of antibody-forming cells according to Ierne and Nordin. The effect of CPSS on development an allergic reaction of DTH induced by skin sensitization with a 5% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) solution (five applications of three drops of a 5% alcoholacetone solution (1:1) of 2,4-DNCB to the animal skin. Four days after the last application, three drops of the 5% 2,4-DNCB solution were applied to the right paw of an animal (initiation of the allergic reaction) was investigated. As the reference drug, we used loratadine tablets, at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Popliteal lymph nodes were removed and weighed. DTH reaction index was determined. The concentration of IgE, as well as the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TFN-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-10 cytokines, were assessed in blood serum of sensitized animals. Neutrophil phagocytic activity was determined in whole-blood after coincubation of neutrophils with yeast cells.  Results: The study established that preventive administration of the CPSS contributes to restoring the balance between cellular and humoral immune responses, which results in inhibition of the pathological process, reduction in specific hyperresponsiveness of tissues to proinflammatory mediators, and reduction of signs of allergic inflammation or immunodeficiency states.  Conclusions: Рreventive administration of the CPSS contributes to restoring the balance between cellular and humoral immune responses, which results in inhibition of the pathological process, reduction in specific hyperresponsiveness of tissues to pro-inflammatory mediators, and reduction of signs of allergic inflammation or immunodeficiency states.

Author(s) Details

Prof. Larysa Iakovlieva |
Department of Pharmacoeconomics, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

Assistant prof. Olena Koshova
Department of Biology, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

Prof. Oksana Tkachova
Department of Pharmacoeconomics, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

Prof. Anatoly Gordienko
Department of Organic Synthesis and Nanotechnology, National Technical University (Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute), Kharkiv, Ukraine.

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Antigiardial Effect of Kramecyne in Experimental Giardiasis: General Overview | Chapter 10 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.2

A variety of drugs are used in giardiasis treatment with different levels of efficiency, presence of side effects, and even formation of resistant strains, so that it is important to search new only-one-dose treatments with high efficiency and less side effects. Kramecyne, an anti-inflammatory compound isolated from methanolic extract of Krameria cytisoides, does not present toxicity, even at doses of 5,000 mg/kg. The objective was to determine the antigiardial effect of kramecyne over Giardia intestinalis In vitro and In vivo and analyze the expression of genes ERK1, ERK2, and AK on kramecyne treated trophozoites by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR). The median lethal dose (LD50) was 40 g/mL and no morphological changes were observed by staining with blue trypan and light microscopy; experimental gerbil infection was eliminated with 320 g/Kg of weight. After treatment there were no differences between intestines from treated and untreated gerbils. Kramecyne did not have significant effect over ERK1 and AK, but there are differences in ERK2 expression ( = 0.04). Results show antigiardial activity of kramecyne; however the mode of action is still unclear and the evaluation of ultrastructural damage and expressed proteins is an alternative of study to understand the action mechanism.

Author(s) Details

Leticia Eligio-García 
Parasitology Research Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, 06720, Ciudad de México, México.

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The Details of Cleidocranial Dysostosis – An Enigma Developmental Bones Anomaly | Chapter 9 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.2

Cleidocranial Dysostosis, known also as Cleidocranial dysplasia, Mutational Dysostosis, Scheuthauer Marie-Sainton syndrome, is a rare condition which is characterized by delayed ossification of midline structures. Case study of the phenomenon has been reported here. Reports revealed that the classical association of a spectacular dental anarchy, with non-closure of cranial sutures, retention of deciduous teeth and delayed eruption of permanent denture and typical facies of underdevelopment raise strong suspicion of autosomal syndrome. The reviewed patient as a classic demonstration of cleidocranial dysostosis, succinctly represented the condition. 

Author(s) Details

Dr. A. O. Adebola Yusuf
Department of Radiology, Benjamin Carson (Snr) School of Medicine, Babcock University Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.

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Diaplant-Neo: Complex Therapy of Acute Intestinal Infections | Chapter 16 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.2

Aims: To develop the composition and technology of the combined capsules "Diaplant-Neo" for the complex treatment of gastrointestinal infections, investigation its antiexudative and spasmolytic activities. Objects of the Study: Nifuroxazide, Plantaglucidum, Calendula extract, encapsulation mass and Diaplant-Neocapsules. Subject of Study: Development of the composition and technology of the combined drug in the form of capsules for the treatment of gastrointestinal infections. Methods of the Study: Model of acute aseptic carrageenan inflammation, J. Setnicar method. Results: Technological scheme of the Diaplant-Neo production was developed. As a result of a study of Diaplant-Neo, it was found that antiexudative activity is not significantly inferior to the effect of sodium diclofenac, antispasmodic activity corresponds to the action of plantaglucid. Conclusion: The Diaplant-Neocapsuleshas broad pharmacological properties, comprehensively affects acute intestinal infections pharmacotherapy, reduces the phenomenon of polypharmacy.

Author(s) Details

L. O. Bobrytska
National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine

V. V. Kovalev
National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine

S. V. Spyrydonov 
National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine.

T. I. Ivko
National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine.

T. A. Germanyuk
National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine.

N. A. Gordzievska
National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine

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Study of In vitro Anti-inflammatory Property of Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew and Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.): Ethnomedicinal Plants from Assam | Chapter 15 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.2

Traditionally many of the medicinal plants are used by Assamese people to treat various ailments, of them Dendrocnide sinuata and Chenopodium ambrosioides are used for treating inflammation- related diseases. The present study was carried out to investigate and verify the anti-inflammatory property of Dendrocnide sinuata and Chenopodium ambrosioides by in-vitro human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. In addition, the phytochemicals present in both the plants were also analyzed. The results revealed that both the plant extracts have HRBC membrane stabilizing activity with Chenopodium ambrosioides showing greater efficacy than Dendrocnide sinuata and standard drug diclofenac. However, the efficacy of the extracts was dose-dependent and was highest at 5,000 µg/ml. The analysis of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of antiinflammatory compounds such as flavonoids and triterpenes in both the plant samples. The study provides the evidence for anti-inflammatory efficacy of both the plants. 

Author(s) Details

Dr. Bisu Singh
Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India.

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Research on Effectiveness of Vitamin C in the Treatment of Anemia in Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Case Study | Chapter 7 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.2

Vitamin C has been shown to be useful in the treatment of anemia of chronic diseases, but there is insufficient evidence to recommend it in the management of anemia in patient with chronic illness, with chronic kidney disease. We performed a small control study to probe if high dose intravenous vitamin C will raise the hemoglobin and improve the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases.
We screened six patients and the study was performed from September to December of 2015, but one quit prior to begin the study. Their age ranges from 37 to 95 years-old, and three are male and two female. Their mean hemoglobin went up from 8.6 g/dL to 9.7 g/dL after they received vitamin C 10 g IV weekly for 6 weeks. The CRP level had a 41.4% effective reduction and their performance status & quality of life as per the questionnaire improved. 
We demonstrated a clinical benefit of high dose intravenous vitamin C in anemia of chronic diseases even though a small study. We recommend to perform a randomized controlled study with larger sample in a future.

Author(s) Details

Raúl H. Morales-Borges
Integrative Optimal Health of Puerto Rico, New Alliance Integrative Research, San Juan, PR.

Krystal M. Rivera-Rodríguez
Specialized School of Science, Mathematics, and Technology (CIMATEC), Caguas, PR

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