Kleine Levin Syndrome: A Rare Neuropsychiatric Disorder | Chapter 6 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 5

Aims: The aim of this chapter is to describe in some detail the evolving concept that Kleine Levin syndrome (KLS), is a neuropsychiatric disorder rather than a rare periodic sleep syndrome.

Methodology: A literature search for papers describing psychiatric features in patients with classical KLS as well as Atypical KLS was performed and the psychiatric characteristics of the cases described were divided into those noted before the onset of KLS typical sleep attacks, those noted during attacks and de-novo psychiatric morbidity emerging after a long remission from sleepiness attacks.

Results: Psychiatric morbidity is an essential part of KLS besides the classical repeated sleepiness attacks. Its presence significantly contributes to the impaired life quality of the affected youngsters during their prime time of life as well as their families. Moreover, the presence of psychiatric morbidity may significantly delay the diagnosis of KLS. Recent data suggests that psychiatric morbidity in KLS, in particular bipolar disorder, may be linked to early-life morbid events.

Conclusion: Awareness of the role of psychiatric morbidity as an associated feature of a rare sleep disorder may shorten the time to definite diagnosis of KLS, avoid unnecessary tests and sometimes, prolonged hospitalizations in psychiatric institutes.

 

Author (s) Details

Natan Gadoth
Department of Neurology, Ma’ayanei HaYeshua Medical Center, Israel and The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v5/4220

Challenges in Diagnosing and Managing Self-Embedding Behavior: A Rare Case Report | Chapter 8 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 4

Objectives: Self-embedding behavior (SEB) is a complex phenomenon characterized by the deliberate insertion of objects into soft tissues, often associated with psychotic or factitious disorders. Commonly used objects include needles, staples, pins, spikes, and pieces of wire. This study aims to highlight the clinical challenges and management of SEB through a rare case presentation.

Methods: The case of a 25-year-old male who presented with SEB involving the insertion of a knitting needle approximately 10 cm into his left gluteal region through a pre-existing gluteal abscess, was reported. The patient was successfully treated with surgical intervention and multidisciplinary care.

Results: The foreign body was successfully removed without post-operative complications. The patient was observed postoperatively, underwent psychiatric evaluation, and was monitored for six months, demonstrating no recurrence or long-term complications.

Conclusion: SEB is a multifaceted condition with significant medical, psychiatric, and legal implications. Early recognition, timely intervention, and interdisciplinary collaboration between trauma surgeons, psychiatrists, and legal experts are critical to ensuring optimal patient outcomes and preventing severe complications.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Priya Ahuja
Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India.

 

Divakar Goyal
Department of Trauma and Emergency, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v4/4203

A Brief Overview on Management Guidelines for Behavioral and Psychotic Symptoms in Persons with Dementia | Chapter 10 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

This paper seeks to review the common types of BPSD and gives a review of the evidence based on practice approaches to manage these challenging behaviours in clinical practice with relevance to the mental health act and practice in the United Kingdom. The study has systematically gathered contemporary evidence, the best practice guidelines for the management, treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and the various approaches including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.  It aims to delineate the diverse behavioral patterns associated with several subtypes of dementia and provide a useful framework for doctors to handle these patterns.

 

Clinical empiricism is useful especially where evidence is lacking from controlled studies which don’t always replicate real world conditions. This involves a careful evaluation of the patients presentation, carer and environmental factors. Ultimately the aim is to deliver an individualized treatment plan modified by the environmental and individuals risk profile.

Author(s) Details:

Premkumar Jeyapaul,
Alderney Hospital, Dorset Health Care University Foundation Trust, Poole, UK.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V4/article/view/13815

Safety and Tolerability of Some Second Generation of Antipsychotics | Chapter 4 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 1

 To monitor ADRs of second production antipsychotics and find out the origin and severity of ADRs had connection with the second generation antipsychotics. An antipsychotic drug is a insane tranquillizer typically arbitrary to treat psychosis, emotional disorder, bipolar disorder, misconceptions, paranoid disorder, mental handicap, depression, and added mental strength conditions. These cures are also used to treat non-unhinged disorders. The drugs in the second generation came later and are popular as atypical antipsychotics. The first creation of antipsychotics, also known as conventional antipsychotics, were discovered in the 1950s. In the study 100 patients were secluded, of whom 91 (91.00%) were suspected to contract an illness adverse drug responses (ADRs). Four atypical antipsychotic drugs were most frequently secondhand such as olanzapine (5mg, 10mg), risperidone (2mg, 1mg), clozapine (0.5mg) and quetiapine (50 mg). Information about ADRs was assembled simultaneously from victims' guardians and patients themselves. The plan created for one Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, allowed for the access of information concerning the study of prescribed medications, differing adverse backlashes, the management of ADR, in addition to reports of laboratory examinations. Total 171 adverse occurrences were investigated and figured. Causality of adverse occurrences was assessed by Naranjo's invention and World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) criteria. The results of the current study and the documented ADR reports concede possibility be useful for future analysts to conduct additional research or in general area and to inform clinicians about the ADR description of the otherwise widely arbitrary class of antipsychotic drugs.

Author(s) Details:

Nilanjan Pahari,
Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and AHS, Uluberia, Howrah-711316, West Bengal, India.

Koyel Mandal,
Department of Pharmacy, Kshudiram Bose College of Pharmacy, Tajpur, Mahishadal, Purba Medinipur-721628, West Bengal, India.

Biprojit Bhowmick,
Department of Pharmacology, Seacom Pharmacy College, Jaladhulagori, Sankrail, Howrah-711302, West Bengal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V1/article/view/10302

Emotional Trauma and its Processing| Chapter 7 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 4

 This stage sheds light on the concept of injury and its intelligent, emotional and behavioral belongings, this phenomenon referring to individual or more events perceived apiece individual as crisis positions, which generate exposure and are capable of causing specific an accentuated stress so concerning threaten the integrity of the psychophysical balance of the life. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is considered a multi-functional disorder, accompanying an accentuated socio-cultural and social dimension, allure impact shaping in the individual divergent and hazy beliefs related to individual's own person, different people and the world usually. The dissociative subtype is highlighted, which is depicted by tendencies towards difficulties in social relationships, lack of sensitive regulation, thoughtless nature, lack of memory, as well as removal in imagination. Its affecting animate nerve organs bases indicate alterations in function and structures complicated in a wide range of neural domains and pathways, particularly those involved in sensual integration and self-idea. Regarding the treatment of the disorder, we analyze the way of action of several healing approaches that have proven expected effective in the context of PTSD syndromes, among which are anguish-focused intelligent-behavioral therapy, exposure healing, dialectical behavior cure, but and the importance of the pharmacological approach, these two curative approaches having completing beneficial effects, contingent upon the specifics of each case. We discuss news from the specialized biography, indicating that the analysis and painstaking understanding of this topic shows a real benefit both in agreements of collective knowledge of the effects of PTSD, and for improving stop and intervention protocols exceptionally cases that meet the described manifestations.

Author(s) Details:

Monica Georgiana Lazar,
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest, Romania.

Simona Trifu,
Department of Neurosciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy” Bucharest, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V4/article/view/9131

Study on Trace Amine-associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) Ligand Neuron, D-neuron | Chapter 20 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 SEP-363856, a novel non-D2-receptor-binding medication, was found to be effective in a recent psychopharmacological research for the treatment of schizophrenia. The chemical is a full agonist for the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) as well as a partial agonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamin 1A (5-HT 1A) receptor. The TAAR1 ligand neuron, D-neuron, was discovered in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (Acc), a neuroleptic active location, in the human brain, but not in the monkey brain's analogous area. A total of 154 post-mortem brains were used to research human D-neuron functions, and a modified immunohistochemistry approach using high-quality antibodies against monoamine-related chemicals was used. In post-mortem brains with schizophrenia, the number of D-neuron in the caudate nucleus, putamen, and Acc was reduced. In Acc., the drop was statistically significant (p0.05). I suggested the "D-cell hypothesis of schizophrenia," which states that NSC dysfunction-based D-neuron decrease represents the cellular and molecular foundation of mesolimbic dopamine (DA) hyperactivity, progressive pathogenesis, and the therapeutic potential of TAAR1.

Author(S) Details

Keiko Ikemoto
Department of Psychiatry, Iwaki City Medical Center, Iwaki, Japan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V4/article/view/4185

Study on Chess-Sinthome: A New Approach to Bobby Fischer´s Psychosis | Chapter 3 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

For more than a century, the psychology of chess players has drawn the attention of many researchers. There is a conspicuous lack of scientific papers with a logical theory about the delusional insanity of Bobby Fischer and its connection with his prodigious results. A new philosophical model to describe the insanity of the American chess player Bobby Fischer is suggested in this brief theoretical work. We introduce the idea of sinthome, taken from the Lacanian topology of the Borromean knot, based on the groundbreaking work of psychoanalysts, with its three registers: real, symbolic and imaginary [RSI] and its fourth stabilizer knot at the breaking of the symbolic knot. To designate the antipsychotic position played by ultra-competitive chess in the lives and minds of some great players, we call it chess-sinthome here. After the groundbreaking works were already studied, this category of chess sinthome that was introduced to our study by Lacanian theory could be viewed as a new second-generation model to understand Bobby Fischer's psychosis. There is an interesting viewpoint on the potential to predict its clinical presence in the near future.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Jorge Luis Zirulnik
Infectology/ AIDS Unit, J. A. Fernandez Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Dr. Miguel Angel Pagano
Neurology Unit, J. A. Fernandez Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTMMR-V12/issue/view/10

Puerperal Psychosis Detection Using Cleanroom-based Software Engineering Model | Chapter 11 | Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol.2

 

Puerperal psychosis, as a problem of nursing mothers at the post-natal level, needs special attention as a means of creating efficiency, scalable, and effective software to solve many problems in the world today. If not identified as early as possible, life will pay for it if not attended to, being dangerous to both the mother and the infant. As preventable, the benefit of early detection and avoidance can be applied to the Cleanroom software engineering model before it reaches an uncontrollable level. With the model and techniques of ensuring error-free applications, software reliability for this problem was tackled. Data for the development and application were collected with the appropriate parameters Uh, from the programme. The questionnaire, paper reviews and modelling were used. As this process model preaches, team-based, use profile and quality metric tests can help to standardise the app. In conclusion, it would be an additional gain for stakeholders to embrace the use of this device for the protection of the mother and the newborn baby in all hospitals and clinics around the world.

Author (s) Details

Alimi O. Maruf
Department of Computer Science, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/271