Effects of COVID-19 Outbreaks on Livestock Sector: An Indian Perspective | Chapter 2 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 6

The COVID-19 pandemic has become the greatest public health crisis of the 21st century and creates serious health and socioeconomic challenges. The COVID-19 disease outbreak originated from Wuhan city of Hubei province of China during the month of December 2019. Like others, livestock industries were badly affected during the lockdown periods due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to review the effects of COVID-19 outbreaks on livestock, Poultry and Fisheries sectors in India. Livestock products account for an estimated 30 per cent of the total global value of food and agriculture, and approximately 19 per cent of the value of global food production. India is one of the fastest-growing global leaders of livestock product producers over the last decade and is currently the fourth largest in volume terms. According to the IMPACT food model predictions of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the demand for meat was expected to increase by 58 per cent between 1995 and 2020. Poultry meat demand might increase by 85 per cent, beef by 50 per cent and pig meat by 45 per cent over this time period. However, livestock production, mainly the piggery sector, horses, ponies, camels, goat, sheep and the meat export sector were seriously affected by the lockdown. During the lockdown period due to COVID-19, the economics of all sectors collapsed owing to disruption in production and the supply chain. It also affected national and global food security, changed consumers’ demand and behaviour. The disruption of the logistical channel and drop in demand have reduced sales and lowered prices. Thus, there was an urgent need for an effective action plan to support both producers and consumers in the agricultural livestock and poultry sectors by the governments.

 

Author(s) Details

Singh NK
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Upadhyay AK
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Sharma H
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Kamboj A
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Maansi
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v6/5354

A Narrative Review on the Impact of Digital Pedagogy on Psychological Wellbeing of Students during Global Pandemic | Chapter 1 | Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 9

 

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has gravely impacted the education system across the world. The imposition of the worldwide lockdown in order to prevent the spread of the deadly virus has led to the unprecedented shutting down of educational institutions. The UNESCO report suggests that nearly 90% of the student population has been hit by coronavirus during the month of April 2020. The migration of the teaching learning process to online mode during the pandemic has posed a plethora of difficulties and challenges for young students across the world. It highlights the difficulties faced by students and the stress on the education system during times of medical health emergencies and lockdown situations in the past. The primary objective of this study is to undertake a narrative review of studies assessing the impact of the lockdown crisis on student well-being and education.

Methods: Keyword searches of PubMed and Google Scholar databases led to the identification of 25 studies for the present review.

Results: Studies (n = 25) exploring the students’ experience of lockdown and the impact of pandemic situations on their education were identified. Analysis of the results of these studies revealed the following main themes: Impact on students’ mental health, causes of deteriorated mental health of students: multiple heterogeneous stressors, socio-economic divide in education, gendered impact of epidemics and impact on the educational system: challenges of e-learning.

Conclusion: Lockdown situations not only disrupt the normal study routine of students and cause a slowdown in their learning curve, it also creates a significant mental burden causing adverse impacts on their mental health. The lack of appropriate technological devices and the lack of sufficient internet bandwidth has deepened the educational divide. Remote education systems have proven inadequate in replicating the chalk-and-talk methodologies of teachers. The study suggested future direction including teachers should be professionally trained and motivated to upgrade their pedagogy to meet the demands arising from the shift to online education.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Kritika Chaudhary
University of Delhi, India.

 

Chehak Gidwani
Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/pller/v9/11861F

Protective and Preventive Measures of Covid 19: A Healthcare Prospective in Pakistan | Chapter 11 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 This phase examines the preventative steps Pakistan accepted at various stages of the epidemic, judging the effectiveness of each step based on in what way or manner many patients were energetically ill, how many recovered, and in what way or manner many people withered. Over two million people have expired as a result of COVID-19, that initially surfaced in December of 2019, and the figure is still climbing. While some countries with its own government have been able to favorably contain the warning, others are still having trouble. It is critical that we examine the steps captured by these nations so that remainder of something might select those strategies and successfully combat the universal. Pakistan is one of the countries with its own government that has been effective in confining the virus's spread and the mixed mortality. The government's failure to enact powerful lockdowns and travel bans as a result of the population's economic instability was the basic factor in the virus's spread. New strategies that promised expected more effective in limiting the spread were bestowed as time continued. One of the tactics involved achieving a smart lockout earlier a "track and trace" method had happened successfully achieved. Furthermore, ‘lockdown vs. livelihood’ estimate, intra-city travel bans, obtaining foreign aid, provision of curative supplies and inclusion of media helped Pakistan limit the spread of the bug. These models can also be organized in other countries applique the virus, developing in decreased number of active inmates and deaths. These procedures might help the world overcome this universal.

Author(s) Details:

Haseeb Manzoor,
Department of Neuroradiology and First Acute Stroke Center, Lahore General Hospital Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

Fatima Gul,
Department of Neuroradiology and First Acute Stroke Center, Lahore General Hospital Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

Hira Tanveer,
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

Daim Shiraz,
Bachelor of Science, Department of Biology, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

Hira Jamil,
Department of Acute Medicine, Lahore General Hospital Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V5/article/view/12171

Determining the Effect of COVID-19 on the Lifestyle & Mindset of People after Lockdown in Gujarat, India | Chapter 4 | Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 6

 The purpose concerning this study was to consider the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental state and quality of history of Gujarat residents old ≥ 18 years. From May 19, 2020 to May 22, 2020, a netting survey was distributed via a public media plank. A total of 150 respondents (87 men and 63 females) achieved the survey, with approximately 26% trusting that the lockdown 4.0 bear be lifted entirely. Even after the confinement in isolation is lifted completely, 56% favor to remain at home. Only about 5% of society prefer to travel afterwards lockdown 4.0. People knowledgeable various levels of stress during the confinement in isolation curfew. More than 70% of public were concerned about weakening the Corona virus. Some accused were experiencing stress as a result of a task loss or a pay cut. People reliable to stay positive and glorify relieve stress all along the lockdown.  51% of the respondents pronounced that they would like to prefer in consideration of the different public places subsequently 3 months of lockdown 4.0. The most of respondents have a positive stance toward their lifestyle following COVID-19. People superior to COVID-19 were highly socialised and acted not take good care of their bodies. People are more knowledgeable of their immunity, health, behavior, and mental energy after COVID - 19. Of course, all's way of life and thinking has transformed. And this will have a positive effect. In conclusion, even though the COVID-19 universal is still ongoing, the COVID-19 universal was associated with temperate stress in our sample.

Author(s) Details:

Komal Shukla,
Anand Institute of Management & Information Science (AIMIS), Anand, India.

Darshana R. Dave,
Faculty of Management, Post Graduate Department of Business Management, S. P. University, India.

Shivangi Shukla,
Narayana Business School (NBS), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAASS-V6/article/view/9493

Impact of COVID-19 Induced Lockdown on the Behavioral Response of Certain Migratory Birds and Gangetic Dolphins in Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary (VGDS), Bihar, India | Chapter 1 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 5

In the current study, we sought to learn more about how certain migratory birds, Gangetic dolphins, and other aquatic fauna in Bhagalpur, Bihar, India's Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary (VGDS) responded behaviorally to the abrupt changes in the urban environment brought on by the COVID-19-induced lockdown at home and abroad. Birds are bio-indicators, and as important participants in many food chains, they are essential to preserving ecological balance. A COVID-19-like epidemic that resulted in the implementation of total lockdown throughout the nation and overseas in 2020 and 2021 had a tremendous effect on human and animal life. Due to the total lockdown, numerous changes in environmental factors, including the quality of the air, water, and soil, were seen. This resulted in bizarre and unusual behaviour in birds and other creatures.

In contrast to past years, the birds were exhibiting their longer stay in the sanctuary area. Gangetic Dolphin detectability was also noted to be much higher than on other days. After a decade or more, gharials were spotted in the years 2020 and 2021. All these unusual behavioural alterations observed in some migratory birds, Gangetic Dolphins, and other aquatic wildlife during and immediately following lockdown may be caused by sudden, unanticipated changes in the weather and climate, by fewer human intrusions, or by the complete ban on fishing activity brought on by the global lockdown. The COVID-19 lockout provided opportunity for an animal behaviour experiment. The sudden quietness of the area, the unexpected drop in human activity, and the low pollution levels undoubtedly startled the birds and other animals and caused them to exhibit some unusual behaviours that cannot be disregarded and should be the focus of further study.

 

Author (s) Details

D. N. Choudhary

Univ. Department of Zoology, TMBU, Bhagalpur, Bihar, 812007, India.

B. Chintapalli

DFO, Bhagalpur Forest Division, Sundarvan, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.

R. Rohitashwa

Bird Phelatelist, Mandar Nature Club, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V5/article/view/7608

Analysis of COVID-19 Epidemic in Pakistan and the Vaccination Strategies | Chapter 09 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

 The current COVID-19 pandemic was initially detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and has since spread throughout the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proclaimed the coronavirus pandemic to be a global public health emergency. On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) validated the virus's nomenclature as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 transmission was controlled using a variety of efficient preventive strategies. Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan, the government devised a number of efficient strategies to combat the zoonotic illness. In all provinces, the Pakistani government built tertiary care hospitals, quarantine facilities, and COVID-19 testing laboratories. Currently, a large vaccination campaign is underway to immunise as much of the population as possible in order to bring the epidemic under control. The spread of COVID-19, as well as its effects on the Pakistani populace and government responses to manage the epidemic, were highlighted in this review.

Author(S) Details

Arslan Habib
Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Riffat Iqbal
Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan.

Zeeshan Ashraf
Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

Muhammad Usman Taj
Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

Dominic Kwesi Quainoo
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, Ghana.

Muhammad Shehzad
Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan.

Mubeen Ameer
Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan.

Behloul Abbas
Department of Zoology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V3/article/view/5882

Health Status and Nutritional Awareness of College Students during COVID 19 Lockdown | Chapter 05 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 8

 Background: A healthy immune system necessitates proper diet. To contain the spread of COVID-19, precautionary measures such as self-quarantine and the temporary closure of teaching institutions may have an impact on regular living styles and nutrition practises.

The purpose of this study was to determine the BMI status and nutrition knowledge of nursing college students during the Covid19 lockdown.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 247 nursing college students in Tamil Nadu was conducted during the Covid19 lockdown period. The survey was done online with consenting participants who met the inclusion criteria using a legitimate structured questionnaire. Height, weight, BMI, and socio-demographic characteristics were included in Section A. Section B consisted of 45 questions about nutrition knowledge divided into three areas. The information gathered was collated and statistically examined.

The majority of pupils had moderate knowledge, 35.7 percent had adequate knowledge, and only 9.6 percent had poor knowledge, according to the nutrition knowledge level results. According to BMI, 58.5 percent of the pupils were fat II, 36% were obese I, 3.7 percent were overweight, 1.1 percent were normal, and 0.7 percent were underweight. At the 5% level (p=0.079), there was no significant relationship between nutritional knowledge and body mass index. At the 1% level, there was a strong significant relationship between "programme (p = 0.000), year of study (p = 0.000), and nutritional knowledge. At the 5% level, there was a significant relationship between age (p = 0.020), family income (p = 0.021), and nutritional awareness.

Conclusion: Students' nutritional awareness was moderate, and the majority of them were obese. There was no evidence of a link or correlation between nutritional awareness and body mass index. The application of nutritional information and raising awareness about the effects of obesity, a healthy lifestyle, and good eating habits would improve their knowledge and foster a positive attitude toward health concerns.

Author(S) Details

K. Silambu Selvi
Department of Clinical Nutrition, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V8/article/view/5273

Coronavirus Pandemic and its Economic and Human Capital Costs in US States | Chapter 1 | New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 3

 The authors of this book chapter assessed whether policy actions to contain the spread of the COVID-19 disease reduce the spread of the disease and save lives, and whether mitigation interventions have negative effects on the economic conditions of an average citizen and firm in US states in a study published recently in the Journal of Risk and Financial Management. The scientists found that jurisdictions with higher death rates have tougher legislative constraints in place to prevent the disease from spreading and becoming more severe. While death rates are a key determinant of the severity of state interventions, case rates do not appear to have an impact on the restrictiveness of state mitigation measures. Lockdown methods used in the United States to contain the coronavirus pandemic are effective in reducing illness severity, but they result in severe local economic contraction. Individual behaviour and mobility are the key channels via which state policy interventions have an impact on health and economic outcomes. Similarly, higher testing rates result in large mobility reductions. Reduced disease cases, rather than disease fatalities, are the primary health benefits of tougher policy interventions. Not all state policy measures produce the same results. State restrictions, stay at home, business closures, and gathering bans were identified as the only effective mitigating interventions that helped slow down disease cases among the social distancing measures. In terms of disease fatalities, gathering bans were recognised as the sole state policy measure that was shown to be necessary. Importantly, both health conditions and lockdown measures have an impact on the actual economy, albeit in different ways. In comparison to lockdown measures, which have substantial negative consequences in the immediate term, the direct impact of disease environments on economic growth is less visible in the short run. State limits, for example, cause a 0.46 standard deviation decline in real economic production, whereas sickness cases and deaths cause 0.37 and 0.40 standard deviation drops, respectively. To put it another way, health conditions as measured by changes in coronavirus disease cases and deaths have a considerable negative impact on economic results, but they are unlikely to be the primary cause of the large immediate losses in economic production. Instead, the intensity of state lockdowns and the variability in policymaker responses to the health crisis appear to be the key factors driving state income disparities. On the other side, deteriorating health conditions have a negative impact on labour supply, financial health, and economic production. The severity of disease, for example, has a significant impact on state unemployment and the number of personal and commercial bankruptcies. The authors have also conducted analyses to determine the relative impact of state policy actions vs disease severity in projecting actual economic activity reductions. In particular, a machine learning analysis of the relative strength of coronavirus disease severity and state policy measures to predict real local economic contraction outcomes shows that the disease itself is more predictive than mandatory social distancing policy measures taken by states to slow the disease's spread. In most cases, sickness severity exceeds social distancing measures in predicting real economic conditions when a horse race is held between state policy measures and disease severity. As a result, the negative economic impact of lockdowns outweighed the disease's economic damage, although health conditions better predicted economic contraction results. The impact of disease severity on the real economy is primarily through increased state unemployment and the number of personal and business bankruptcies, according to an analysis of the specific channels through which negative economic outcomes occur either due to disease severity or due to social policy. Social distancing metrics, on the other hand, are important predictors of overall economic activity as assessed by the state coincident index, as well as company earnings and employment in the United States.

Author(S) Details

Ali Gungoraydinoglu
College of Business, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA.

Ilke Öztekin
College of Arts, Sciences & Education, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA.

Özde Öztekin
College of Business, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NIEBM-V3/article/view/5069

Determination of Water Pollution of River Ganga during Lockdown Period | Chapter 3 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 5

 In this study, the water quality of the Ganga River was investigated, as well as the effect of lockdown on the physicochemical parameters of the river water in Bihar. The study's goal was to check the Ganges' water quality during the lockdown and assess the impact of the situation on the river's water quality, with a focus on a few areas in Bihar where domestic sewage, agricultural wastes, and air pollution affecting river water are thought to be the major sources of pollution. Both primary and secondary data were collected as part of the exploratory study strategy. In the months of March and April, primary data was obtained from the Ganges sampling stations of Digha (Patna), Arrah (Bhojpur), and Aami (Saran). pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Coliform (TC), and Faecal Coliform (FC) were all tested after the data was collected (FC). During the lockdown, the river's quality did not much improve. It is clear that, in comparison to non-industrial areas, industrial areas have seen a reduction in water pollution along the Ganga. Domestic garbage dumping did not stop and even increased in hygiene maintenance in non-industrial regions, therefore there was little improvement.

Author(S) Details

Nazia Hasan
Department of Zoology, Jai Prakash University, Chapra, Bihar, India.

Rakesh Prasad
Department of Zoology, Jai Prakash University, Chapra, Bihar, India.

Arafat Ahmad
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, KSA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V5/article/view/4595

COVID-19 Pandemic Preparedness and Control Measures by India: The Nationwide Lockdown and Impact | Chapter 4 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 10

 The year 2019 was drawing to a close, and a new coronovirus would usher in the New Year. COVID-19, a new Coronavirus, was declared a PHEIC and then a Pandemic on March 11th, 2020. The disease's symptoms are similar to those of the flu (influenza) or a common cold, both of which are significantly more common than COVID-19. In more serious cases, an infection may show as pneumonia or abrupt onset dyspnea, with transmission occurring through direct contact with respiratory droplets. The Indian government was important in swift action from the time this illness was simply an epidemic and had yet to be declared a pandemic. The Indian government (GOI) began taking initiatives to improve the situation. Screening of international travellers, surveillance through the IDSP network, 14-day entry quarantine, suspension of entry of any foreign nationals from the PRC, establishment of a control room, and other measures are being taken to postpone the inevitable outcome and buy time for the health department to implement mitigation measures. The Government of India had proactively responded to the ‘Test, Track, and Treat' plan. It included expanding lab facilities, including the business sector, declaring masks and sanitizers as vital commodities, establishing RRTs in states, testing at the most number of places possible, contact tracing of positives, and active monitoring in a select areas of the country. India has learned a valuable lesson. Learning from other nations, the social vaccine was adopted as a temporary remedy until the vaccine was available. The benefits of non-pharmacological therapies were recognised and disseminated to the general public through a variety of IEC initiatives. All of these steps were performed prior to the enactment of the ‘LOCKDOWN' on March 24, 2020. Although the lockdown had many unintended repercussions, the GOI saw it as the only preventive step available to stem the tide. The lockdown had no effect on the delivery of life-saving medical services. All government and private health care facilities were inspected. The social vaccination was adopted as a temporary treatment until the vaccine was ready, based on lessons learned from other countries. Through a number of IEC activities, the benefits of non-pharmacological therapy were recognised and conveyed to the general public. Prior to the enactment of the 'LOCKDOWN' on March 24, 2020, all of these stages were completed. The GOI saw the lockdown as the only preventive measure available to stem the tide, despite its many unforeseen consequences. The lockdown had no impact on the provision of life-saving medical assistance. All health-care facilities, both public and private, were inspected.

Author (S) Details

Dr. Saurabh Rattan
CMO Office, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Dr. Anmol Gupta,
Department of Community Medicine, IGMC, Shimla, India.

Dr. Gopal Ashish Sharma
Department of Community Medicine, IGMC, Shimla, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V10/article/view/2542