Describing the Adsorption of Pb\(^2\)+, Cu\(^2\)+, Ni\(^2\)+, Zn\(^2\)+, Cr\(^6\)+, and Cd\(^2\)+ from a Synthetic Acid Mine Drainage onto Chitosan Derivative in a Packed Bed Column: Analysis through Mathematical Modeling | chapter 8 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 3

Studies on the adsorption of metal ions in batch mode using modified chitosan beads have been reported by several authors in the literature. Consequently, packed bed column studies are performed for large-scale operations to generate data directly applicable to real wastewater treatment. For packed column adsorption, how to predict the breakthrough curve is a vital issue because it gives the necessary information for the design of a packed column adsorption system. This work investigated the application potential of chitosan derivatives for the uptake of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, and Cd²⁺ ions from aqueous solution in a packed bed adsorption column. On this note, the adsorbent was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM), the effect of breakthrough parameters such as influent concentration (10, 20, and 30 mg/L), bed height (21, 28 and 35 cm) and feed flow rate (10, 15 and 20 ml/min) were determined. The experimental data were fitted to mathematical column models: Bed Depth Service Time (BDST), Yoon-Nelson, and the Thomas model. The adsorption of metal ions in a packed bed column is highly affected by the quantity of adsorbent applied. The flow rate in a continuous flow adsorption column plays a vital role as it controls the retention time during which the adsorbate contacts the adsorbent surface. The removal efficiency, breakthrough, and exhaustion time increased with an increase in bed height but decreased with an increase in flow rate and influent concentration. The mathematical models applied in this study were successful in describing experimental data. Desorption studies were performed with no loss in the mass of the beads, and the breakthrough and exhaustion times were found to be the same on reusing the beads.

 

Author (s) Details

Ephraim Igberase
Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Innocentia G. Mkhize
Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v3/4512

Electrocoagulation Technique for the Treatment of Effluents from Metal Working Fluid | Chapter 1 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 3

Using mild steel, electrocoagulation is a successful method for treating Metal Working Fluid (MWF) industrial effluent. The goal of the current study is to determine how electrolysis time, applied charge density, and electrolyte pH affect the effectiveness of electrocoagulation in treating MWF effluent. According to the current experimental findings, electrocoagulation is an excellent method for treating wastewater.  The electrolysis time of 55-60 minutes, for a current density of 3 A/dm3 and pH 7 at a temperature of 350C effective treatment of the effluent was observed. It was found that the highest COD and color removals were 95% and 98%, respectively. Several adsorption isotherms were used to describe the electrocoagulation process, and it was shown that the predictions of the Langmuir isotherm models agree well with the experimental findings. Langmuir isotherm models (R²>0.99) provided a better fit than Freundlich models for the electrocoagulation process.

 

Author (s) Details

K.V.Radha
Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C. Tech Campus, Anna University, Chennai-600 025, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v3/4936

Eco-Friendly Adsorption of Methyl Red Using Biodegradable Sea Shells: An Isotherm Approach | Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 9

Organic dyes have been identified as significant water contaminants. The use of low-cost, easily available, highly effective, and non-toxic adsorbents has been examined as an appropriate alternative to the available expensive techniques for removing dyes from effluent. This research aimed to investigate the utilization of Sea shells (SS) as an adsorbent material for removing Methyl Red (MR) dye from aqueous solutions. The influence of several factors: (contact time, pH, Temperature) on the adsorption ability of MR dye was evaluated. The results indicate that The optimum conditions were found: pH 3, 45 min contact time, and 300°C. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) evaluates the chemistry of SS. The isotherm of Langmuir (R2 = 0.9531) was a better fit than the isotherm of Freundlich (R2 = 0.921) and Temkin isotherm (0.928) for data. The maximum monolayer adsorption efficiency was measured at 0.5 mg/g. The study found that SS is an excellent and inexpensive adsorbent for removing MR dye from solutions.

Author (s) Details

 

Hajir Altoom Hassan
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, AlBaha University, AlBaha-65779, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v9/3443

Chemical Regeneration of Activated Carbon from Cocoa Pod Shells | Chapter 5 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 Restore mobilized carbon by removing the methylene blue previously adsorbed on the adsorbent. With a view to preserving the environment, a worldwide concern, this study carried out utilizing carbon from burnished color pod shells. In Côte d'Ivoire, around 1.9 heap tonnes of cocoa convinced every year, and burnished color farming generates betwixt 13 and 15 million tonnes of waste, for the most part cocoa coverings. Like many agricultural wastes, cocoa coverings transformed into stimulated carbon. Before pyrolysis, the coverings were ground, sieved and full with orthophosphoric acid. The activated element obtained is in powder form. For the purposes concerning this study, before desorption, the activated carbons were originally saturated with MB. For this adsorbent conversion study, chemical desorption was secondhand. In the context of synthetic regeneration, these soggy coals brought into contact with a seasoning (NaCl) solution and before stirred. To understand the evolution of desorption, the spectrophotometer was used to measure the concentration of methylene sad resorbed.  The desorption tests showed a extraordinary elimination from the first 10 notes of meeting. The desorption kinetics encompasses two phases: a rapid action between 0 and 30 record and a slow kinetics betwixt 30 and 60 minutes. Desorption of the dye reaches a concentration prepared 0.84 mg/l at pH = 4 at temperature =80°C. For posing, the coefficient of the Langmuir II model is more or equal to O.9893. The model of Langmuir III is less than or effective O.9373. The Freundlich model coefficient is 0.9842 or less. Desorption accordingly takes place on adsorption sites that are actively homogeneous and outside interaction between the adsorbed cations of the dye. Experimental limits such as pH, hotness and concentration of seasoning (NaCl) solution influence Desorption of MB. The model of Langmuir II describes well the process of desorption of the MB.

Author(s) Details:

David Leonce Kouadio,
Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologie de l’Environnementale, Université Jean Lorougnon GUEDE, Côte d'Ivoire.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V8/article/view/11541

Study on the Efficiency of Metal Modified Bio–Nanocomposite Bead for Removal via Retention of Some Anthraquinone Dye | Chapter 6 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 3

 Batch adsorption tests were done with iron(III) loaded cellulose nanocomposite bead and alizarin red S, of various concentrations, from an aqueous environment in order to examine the efficacy of metal modified bio–nanocomposite bead for removal via retention of anionic dye. The bead's spectral and surface characteristics were studied. Using response surface methods and a full factorial and central composite design, the process was optimised for variables (pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature). At an ideal pH of 3.0, a dose of 2.0 gdm-3, and a shaking period of 45 minutes, equivalent to a dye concentration of 100 mgdm-3 at 303 K, the maximum adsorption of 97 percent was recorded. In a second order polynomial equation, the influence of the relevant variables was associated with the extent of dye adsorption. In the design space, 3D response surfaces and 2D contour plots depicted the significant variables' reciprocal interactions. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetics provided a better description of the adsorption. The reaction was endothermic (H°, 71.62 kJmol-1), spontaneous (-G°, 48.19 kJmol-1), and viable (S°, 0.284 Jmol-1K-1). For at least five operations, the adsorbent can be regenerated using NaOH (10.0.10-2 M) and recycled for reuse.

Author (S) Details

Mitali Sarkar
Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India.

Dhiman Santra
Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India.

Shanku Denrah
Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India.

Swagatam Sarkar
Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India.

Pankaj Sarkar
Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V3/article/view/2952

Assessing the Batch Adsorption Studies for Removal of Hg(II) from Wastewater Using Syzigium jambolanum Nut Carbon | Chapter 15 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 1

 

Activated carbon prepared from Syzigium jambolanum nut was found to be effective for the removal of mercury(II) as [HgCl4]2- from wastewater. Quantitative removal of 99% takes place when batch
studies were done at an optimal carbon dose of 0.1 g, pH of 5 and equilibration time of 3 h.
Adsorption isotherms on adsorbents were determined and correlated with isotherm equations such as
Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin models. Kinetic studies were carried out with First order, Pseudo
first order and Pseudo second order kinetics. The efficiency of Syzigium jambolanum carbon was
compared with a commercial activated carbon. Syzygium jambolanum nut carbon can be used for
effective environmental remediation of wastewater.

Author (s) Details

Dr. S. Sophie Beulah
Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli – 627 007 Tamilnadu, India.

Dr. K. Muthukumaran
Hindusthan College of Engineering & Technology, Coimbatore – 641 032 Tamilnadu, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/253