Describing the Adsorption of Pb\(^2\)+, Cu\(^2\)+, Ni\(^2\)+, Zn\(^2\)+, Cr\(^6\)+, and Cd\(^2\)+ from a Synthetic Acid Mine Drainage onto Chitosan Derivative in a Packed Bed Column: Analysis through Mathematical Modeling | chapter 8 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 3

Studies on the adsorption of metal ions in batch mode using modified chitosan beads have been reported by several authors in the literature. Consequently, packed bed column studies are performed for large-scale operations to generate data directly applicable to real wastewater treatment. For packed column adsorption, how to predict the breakthrough curve is a vital issue because it gives the necessary information for the design of a packed column adsorption system. This work investigated the application potential of chitosan derivatives for the uptake of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, and Cd²⁺ ions from aqueous solution in a packed bed adsorption column. On this note, the adsorbent was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM), the effect of breakthrough parameters such as influent concentration (10, 20, and 30 mg/L), bed height (21, 28 and 35 cm) and feed flow rate (10, 15 and 20 ml/min) were determined. The experimental data were fitted to mathematical column models: Bed Depth Service Time (BDST), Yoon-Nelson, and the Thomas model. The adsorption of metal ions in a packed bed column is highly affected by the quantity of adsorbent applied. The flow rate in a continuous flow adsorption column plays a vital role as it controls the retention time during which the adsorbate contacts the adsorbent surface. The removal efficiency, breakthrough, and exhaustion time increased with an increase in bed height but decreased with an increase in flow rate and influent concentration. The mathematical models applied in this study were successful in describing experimental data. Desorption studies were performed with no loss in the mass of the beads, and the breakthrough and exhaustion times were found to be the same on reusing the beads.

 

Author (s) Details

Ephraim Igberase
Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Innocentia G. Mkhize
Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v3/4512

Exploring Mechanical Behavior in Pinewood/Polyethylene Composites Under Influence of Moisture, UV Radiation and Coupling Agent | Chapter 4 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 6

The present study aims to comprehensively analyze the effects of moisture absorption-desorption (AD) cycles, the amount of coupling agent, and UV radiation (UV) on the absorbed-desorption moisture and the flexural and tensile properties of WPC made from pinewood waste and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Wood-plastic composites (WPC) incorporate lignocellulosic fillers into plastics to generate advantages in terms of stiffness, mechanical strength, cost-effectiveness and reduced weight. They use lignocellulosic waste to reduce the consumption of natural resources and promote better sustainable practices. First, the effect of UV radiation and the presence of anhydride-grafted polyethylene on the moisture absorption-desorption behavior of the compounds was evaluated, and then its effect on the mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the surfaces of the samples subjected to these factors and their subsequent damage in the fracture zones of the samples. A two-stage mechanism was observed in the water absorption-desorption process. The first stage is characterized by notable increases in absorption values over the first five cycles, while the second stage of stabilization starts from the sixth cycle. Initial absorption and delamination, capillary action and polymer-wood interaction, swelling, fiber-matrix interaction, and mechanical damage are all included in the first stage. The second stage involves the balance and stabilization step. Statistically, it was found that the changes in humidity values in the absorption and desorption cycles show that UV radiation has a significant contribution with the effect of increasing the absorption and desorption values, while the presence of polyethylene grafted with anhydride has a minor effect with an effect of decreasing those values. UV rays and moisture cycling had a major impact on the composite's tensile and flexural performances. Tensile and flexural characteristics showed only a modest increase of 5–12% when compared to the sample without anhydride–grafted polyethylene and without treatments; however, treatments with UV radiation and moisture absorption–desorption cycles reduced them by up to 45%. The SEM analysis confirmed the deterioration of the composites in the form of microcracks, delaminations, interfacial voids and mechanical failures in both the wood filler and the polyethylene matrix, especially in the samples exposed to ultraviolet radiation, where this deterioration was lower in the samples containing anhydride-grafted polyethylene. The mechanical properties of the composites are influenced by the interactions between the wood filler and the polymer matrix, where UV radiation and humidity cycles produce damage in the interfacial zone. UV radiation primarily contributes to the damage, while moisture absorption-desorption cycles play a secondary role.

 

Author (s) Details

Javier Guillen-Mallette
Centro de Investigacion Científica de Yucatan, Calle 43#130 Chuburna de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, México.

 

Irma Flores-Ceron
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43#130 Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, México.

 

Soledad Cecilia Pech-Cohuo
Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Km 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, 97302 Mérida, México.

 

Edgar Jose Lopez-Naranjo
Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, José Guadalupe Zuno 48, 45157 Zapopan, México.

 

Carlos Vidal Cupul-Manzano
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43#130 Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, México.

 

Alex Valadez-Gonzalez
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43#130 Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, México.

Ricardo Herbe Cruz-Estrada
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43#130 Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, México.

 

 

Please see the book here:-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v6/12335F

Chemical Regeneration of Activated Carbon from Cocoa Pod Shells | Chapter 5 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 8

 Restore mobilized carbon by removing the methylene blue previously adsorbed on the adsorbent. With a view to preserving the environment, a worldwide concern, this study carried out utilizing carbon from burnished color pod shells. In Côte d'Ivoire, around 1.9 heap tonnes of cocoa convinced every year, and burnished color farming generates betwixt 13 and 15 million tonnes of waste, for the most part cocoa coverings. Like many agricultural wastes, cocoa coverings transformed into stimulated carbon. Before pyrolysis, the coverings were ground, sieved and full with orthophosphoric acid. The activated element obtained is in powder form. For the purposes concerning this study, before desorption, the activated carbons were originally saturated with MB. For this adsorbent conversion study, chemical desorption was secondhand. In the context of synthetic regeneration, these soggy coals brought into contact with a seasoning (NaCl) solution and before stirred. To understand the evolution of desorption, the spectrophotometer was used to measure the concentration of methylene sad resorbed.  The desorption tests showed a extraordinary elimination from the first 10 notes of meeting. The desorption kinetics encompasses two phases: a rapid action between 0 and 30 record and a slow kinetics betwixt 30 and 60 minutes. Desorption of the dye reaches a concentration prepared 0.84 mg/l at pH = 4 at temperature =80°C. For posing, the coefficient of the Langmuir II model is more or equal to O.9893. The model of Langmuir III is less than or effective O.9373. The Freundlich model coefficient is 0.9842 or less. Desorption accordingly takes place on adsorption sites that are actively homogeneous and outside interaction between the adsorbed cations of the dye. Experimental limits such as pH, hotness and concentration of seasoning (NaCl) solution influence Desorption of MB. The model of Langmuir II describes well the process of desorption of the MB.

Author(s) Details:

David Leonce Kouadio,
Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologie de l’Environnementale, Université Jean Lorougnon GUEDE, Côte d'Ivoire.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V8/article/view/11541

Sorption Behavior of Deltamethrin in Mediterranean Soils | Chapter 7 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

 Water is a lively factor of result, but its belittling quality concede possibility threaten business-related growth and public development of a country or a domain. One of the most important irrigated agricultural districts in Morocco is the Loukkos perimeter. The use of pesticides has made this domain one of the first land areas of the country in conditions of the quantity of allure production. The surroundings, including groundwater, and human strength could contract an illness the excessive and perilous use of these chemicals. In this area, Deltamethrin is individual of the most established insecticides on a variety of crops, containing citrus and sugar vegetable.  Excessive use of this poison presents a real risk to the decay of the groundwater quality, particularly in the case of sandy soils. The aim of the study was to search the adsorption and desorption processes of Deltamethrin in two contrasting agricultural soils (ammophilous and clayey soils) from Loukkos plain, using Batch equilibration order. The study is part of a big program to update facts on pesticides for safer use and happening of guidance and managing for their application. The isotherms for adsorption and desorption were expressed using the Freundlich model. The adsorption coefficients, that were used to evaluate this wonder, were calculated utilizing linear regressions. The results granted that adsorption and desorption processes of Deltamethrin on soils were well described for one Freundlich model. The Freundlich's adsorption coefficient (Kd) principles for Deltamethrin in the clayey and sandy soils were 3.914 and 1.503 mL.g-1, individually. Hence, the properties and the arrangement of the soils have great impacts on the sorption devices of Deltamethrin. The results also displayed that the irreversibility of the adsorption process is more important when the adsorption capacities of the soils and their brick content are high. Our study told a high risk of the occupancy of Deltamethrin in the Loukkos groundwater, particularly in arenicolous soils, which have reduced retention competency due to their reduced clay and natural resources contents.

Author(s) Details:

Mohamed Benicha,
Research Unit on Nuclear Techniques Environment and Quality, National Institute of Agricultural Research, 78 Av. Sidi Mohamed ben Abdellah, 90100, Tangier, Morocco.

Rachid Moussadek,
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco and National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue de la Victoire, P. O. Box 415, Rabat, Morocco.

Rachid Mrabet,
National Institute of Agricultural Research, Avenue de la Victoire, P. O. Box 415, Rabat, Morocco.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V2/article/view/10045

Investigating the Effect of Soil pH on Sorption of Salinomycin in Clay and Sandy Soils | Chapter 7 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 Salinomycin is a polyether ionophore commonly used in chicken to reduce coccidial infections and improve growth. The antibiotic is excreted in large amounts as the parent compound, which eventually ends up in agricultural soils. To further understand the compound's behaviour in the soil environment, researchers must conduct sorption-desorption investigations. Salinomycin sorption was investigated in four agricultural soils at three pH levels: 4, 7, and 9, including a clay soil with low organic matter content (LOM), a clay soil with high organic matter content (HOM), a sandy soil with HOM, and a loamy sandy (LOM) soil. The desorption experiments were carried out using the batch equilibration method. Regardless of soil organic content or pH, all soils were shown to be extensively sorbed by more than 98 percent salinomycin. Salinomycin sorption increased marginally when the pH declined in the sandy soil, while sorption increased marginally in the two clay soils as the pH increased. After 72 hours, salinomycin desorption in methanol was less than 0.2 percent of the amount given, however it was larger than 70% in phosphate buffer (pH 7). Because the phosphate buffer would simulate, to some extent, the quality of water flowing through field soils containing various salts, salinomycin could pose serious dangers to both shallow ground water and surface water bodies.

Author (S) Details

R. Jayashree
Department of Bioresource Engineering, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore road, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada- H9X 3V9, Canada.

Shiv O. Prasher
Department of Bioresource Engineering, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore road, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada- H9X 3V9, Canada.

Rajvinder Kaur
Department of Bioresource Engineering, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore road, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada- H9X 3V9, Canada.

Ramanbhai M. Patel
Department of Bioresource Engineering, MacDonald Campus of McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore road, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada- H9X 3V9, Canada.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V6/article/view/3854