Digital Transformation for Sustainable Rural Entrepreneurship: Bridging Innovation and Inequality through Social Solidarity Models | Chapter 6 | New Advances in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 9

 

The digital transformation of rural entrepreneurship is an increasingly urgent priority in both regional and global development policies. The digitalization technology transformation of entrepreneurship has positive impacts, but also increases inequality and disrupts the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aimed to examine the impact of digitalization technology transformation on rural entrepreneurship and explain its mitigation efforts using exploratory sequential mixed methods. The policy acceptance model method was used to reduce uncertainty in analyzing entrepreneurial behavior patterns. This mixed method was used to perform authenticity of context, measurement, or control, and generalisation through two stages. The first stage used the exploratory design method to examine the qualitative data. The second stage employed an explanatory design to describe quantitative information. Data were collected using questionnaires and semistructured interviews equipped with ethnographic observations. The results showed that the digitalization technology transformation of rural entrepreneurship supports various new potentials. These include decent work opportunities, family entrepreneurship, and local economic growth. However, the technology increases inequality and the fear of traditional markets that could disrupt the achievement of other sustainable development goals (SDGs). This inequality and the risk of uncertainty could be mitigated by the social solidarity economic transformation business model based on the potential of local humanist wisdom. The results showed a humanist social solidarity economic system (SSE) model that could reduce the impact of this inequality. The SSE model of social innovation could fill the void of social entrepreneurship theory because it is humanist and different from the established materialistic capitalist socio-economic model. Therefore, this study could provide scientific information and implications for social and institutional policies. It could also contribute to the literature on new institutional and social entrepreneurship innovation theories related to the wave of Kontratieff Schumpeter. Therefore, this study is expected to fill the void in the new institutional theory and socio-cultural entrepreneurship literature.

 

Author(s) Details

P. Eko Prasetyo
Department of Development Economics, Faculty of Economics, Univesitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia.

 

Andryan Setyadharma
Department of Development Economics, Faculty of Economics, Univesitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nabme/v9/5934

Business Decisions and Workforce Diversity: A Case Study of Discrimination Challenges in South Africa’s SME Hotel Sector | Chapter 8 | Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 8

The hotel industry is a significant contributor to the global service economy, providing employment opportunities for individuals worldwide. However, the implementation of workforce diversity and inclusion policies remains a controversial topic that requires the attention of policymakers. In this regard, this article explores the implementation of workforce diversity in small and medium-sized (SME) organizations, particularly in hotels, to mitigate discrimination in South Africa.

This quantitative study explores the implementation of workforce diversity in (SMEs) hotels, to mitigate discrimination in South Africa. The data was collected using a 5-point Likert Scale. A systematic literature survey was conducted to gather current articles on the topic. Voluntary participants from seven SME hotels responded to questionnaires, with an initial 136 responses. After screening, 120 participants (88.24%) met all criteria for inclusion in the analysis.

This study reveals 61.8% of respondents said management is not committed to diversity. Many (98.3%) disagreed that there is a fair and equal treatment to everyone, 95% disagreed that everyone had the same access to opportunities. A high number (97.5%) reported experiencing discrimination and harassment, and there was disagreement (94.2%) about fair promotion decisions. People of color are disproportionately affected.

Given the gravity of the situation, it is incumbent on the government to intervene and help SMEs enforce workforce diversity policies. The government must enforce implementation of diversity, provide free diversity and discrimination training to employees and managers, and conduct regular inspections to ensure compliance. This research serves as a call to action, shedding light on the need for positive social change.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Nyamupachari Vareta
Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

 

B.I Dlamini
Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/bmerp/v8/3152

A New Proof of the Inequality Between P and NP Using the Core Function Framework | Chapter 2 | Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 9

This paper contains a new proof of inequality of the classes of decision problems “P” and NP”. Its author had already proposed a different proof in three papers presented to the Academy of Sciences of Turin in 2016 and to the Journal of Computer Science in 2020 and 2022 (Ref [1]), (Ref [2]), (Ref [3]).

The analysis discussed in this paper and in its previous versions is based on a well-known NP-complete problem which is called “satisfiability problem” or “SAT”.  From SAT a new NP-complete problem, called “Core Function”, derives; this problem is described by a Boolean function of the number of the clauses of SAT.  In this paper, a proof is presented according to which the number of gates of the minimal implementation of Core Function increases with n exponentially. Since the synthesis of the Core Function is an NP-complete problem, this result can be considered as the proof of the theorem which states that the class P of all the decision problems which can be solved in polynomial time does not coincide with the class NP of the problems for which an answer can be verified in polynomial time.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Angelo Raffaele Meo
Accademia Delle Scienze di Torino, Politecnico di Torino, Italy.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mcscd/v9/3100

The Impact of Workplace Inequality and Discrimination on Individual Development and Organisational Performance: A Case Study of Durban’s Hospitality Sector, South Africa | Book Publisher International

Workplaces now consist of many cultures. This varied work environment allows employers opportunities to generate strategies that value diversity while eliminating workplace disparity and prejudice. This research examines the impact of workplace inequality and discrimination on individual development and organizational performance within the hospitality sector in Durban, South Africa.  Using a qualitative approach, the study explores employees' lived experiences through interviews, observations, and thematic analysis with NVivo software. The interviews were conducted face-to-face, audio-recorded, and transcribed. Findings reveal four major themes—recruitment practices, emotional responses, workplace discrimination, and inequality—underscoring the persistence of systemic racism and exploitation, particularly affecting Black employees, women, and foreign workers. The study highlights the negative repercussions on employee motivation, productivity, and organizational performance. According to the results, (95%) of participants say inequality and discrimination are serious against black people, in the hotel Industry. Most feel apartheid has not yet ended in South Africa. The results also show that (80%) of the participants find no relevance in learning or developing themselves in a toxic environment. Findings reveal four major themes—recruitment practices, emotional responses, workplace discrimination, and inequality—underscoring the persistence of systemic racism and exploitation, particularly affecting Black employees, women, and foreign workers. The study highlights the negative repercussions on employee motivation, productivity, and organizational performance.  Workers who are discriminated against suffer from low self-esteem and are traumatised. Emotional impact results in a lack of motivation, demoralisation, depression, etc. The social impact results in stress, poor relationships, and poor productivity. The lack of transparency reduces employee participation and turns them into an organisation's enemy. Practical recommendations include strengthening diversity management. The government must revisit its position on racism, enforce anti-discrimination policies, and enhance systematic training programs to foster inclusivity. These findings contribute valuable insights for HR managers, trade unions, and policymakers to address workplace disparities in the South African hotel industry.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. Nyamupachari Vareta
Faculty of Management Sciences, Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-36-7

Global Unequal Production in Surrogacy Industry: Analysis Based on Cultural Anthropology | Chapter 19 | Anthropological Explorations of Gender, Identity, and Economics

This article reports on an ethnographic study of the multinational commercial surrogacy industry. The Surrogacy is an arrangement, often supported by a legal agreement, whereby a woman agrees to delivery/labor for another person or people, who will become the child's parent(s) after birth. With the globalization of fertility demand and market, more and more families in developed countries choose to get their own children through surrogacy. Under such circumstances, intensive ‘surrogacy factories’ emerged in some third world countries and the surrogacy industry has become an inevitable topic in globalization. This article focuses on the interaction between the ‘surrogate mother’ and ‘the client’ in the surrogacy industry. In particular, we pay attention to how surrogates rationalize their moral behavior in this process, and how surrogates' bodies are commodified in the globalized economic interactions. And also, we try to examine the racial, religious and class inequalities contained in this huge "gray" industry from the perspective of cultural anthropology.

Author(s) Details:

Peng Jiabao,
Graduate Student in Anthropology at the School of Sociology and Anthropology of Xiamen University at Xiamen in the Fujian Province, P. R. China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/AEGIE/article/view/13586

A Note on Tur àn-Type Inequalities for Polynomials | Chapter 6 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5

 For a polynomial p(z) over the field of complex numbers, finding lower bound of |�′(z)| in term of |p(z)| with restriction on zeros of the polynomial also known as Tur�´n-type inequalities is a classical topic in analysis. In this article, we investigate and analyse certain factors which improve the bound on such inequalities namely zeros and coecient of the polynomial.

Author(s) Details:

Barchand Chanam,
Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Manipur-795004, India.

Thangjam Birkramjit Singh,
Department of Mathematics, St. Joseph University, Dimapur, Nagaland-797115, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V5/article/view/9381

Two Different Improved Bounds of Rivlin's Type Inequality on Polynomial Diversified under the Same Hypotheses| Chapter 5 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5

Let p(z) be a complex polynomial of quality n. The problem of best closeness under different restrictions on the zeros had existed attracting many, containing renowned scientists and mathematicians like Mandeleev, Markov twins and Bernstein. Their works had existed studied extensively by many mathematicians that resulted in rich accumulation of inequalities concerning complex polynomials. In this item, we discuss in a concise manner two different improved bounds of Rivlin's type prejudice on polynomial diversified under the unchanging hypotheses.

Author(s) Details:

Barchand Chanam,
Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol 795004, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V5/article/view/9380

On Some Improved Bounds of the Polar Derivative of Polynomials| Chapter 3 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5

 Author(s) Details:

Barchand Chanam,
Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Imphal- 795004, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V5/article/view/9378

Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 13 | Book Publisher International

 The origins and consequences of inequality have long piqued the interest of researchers. Comparing average economic choices from a classical theoretical framework is one method of studying inequality. Another method addresses the impact of societal formation on average economic outcomes via statutes and institutions.

James Curtis Jr employs applied econometrics, applied labour economics, applied theory, and empirical data to show that we cannot rule out the existence of a negatively bounded correlation between the length of time spent working under zero wage conditions and the magnitude of unexplained wealth differences. Furthermore, in economics, James Curtis Jr promotes the concept of entrepreneurial education.

Author(S) Details

Dr. James E. Curtis, Jr.
President, Education Foundation, Director, Internet Graduate Research Institute, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IEAM-V13/article/view/3898