A New Proof of the Inequality Between P and NP Using the Core Function Framework | Chapter 2 | Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 9

This paper contains a new proof of inequality of the classes of decision problems “P” and NP”. Its author had already proposed a different proof in three papers presented to the Academy of Sciences of Turin in 2016 and to the Journal of Computer Science in 2020 and 2022 (Ref [1]), (Ref [2]), (Ref [3]).

The analysis discussed in this paper and in its previous versions is based on a well-known NP-complete problem which is called “satisfiability problem” or “SAT”.  From SAT a new NP-complete problem, called “Core Function”, derives; this problem is described by a Boolean function of the number of the clauses of SAT.  In this paper, a proof is presented according to which the number of gates of the minimal implementation of Core Function increases with n exponentially. Since the synthesis of the Core Function is an NP-complete problem, this result can be considered as the proof of the theorem which states that the class P of all the decision problems which can be solved in polynomial time does not coincide with the class NP of the problems for which an answer can be verified in polynomial time.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Angelo Raffaele Meo
Accademia Delle Scienze di Torino, Politecnico di Torino, Italy.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mcscd/v9/3100

Strategies for Improving Computer Science Students' Academic Performance in Programming Skill | Chapter 4 | Current Topics on Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 4

 For computer science students, programming agility is a must-have talent. On the other hand, both teachers and students have identified teaching and learning programming concepts and abilities as a significant obstacle. As a result, creating effective programming learning approaches and environments has become a hot topic. The study's purpose is to identify ways to improve how computer programming is taught to undergraduate students in the field of computer science and information technology. Because it is too abstract and requires superior analytic skills, computer programming is usually regarded as one of the most difficult subjects in postsecondary institutions. design of research A descriptive technique, actual student grades, and informal interviews with instructors were used in the study. According to the results of a widely accepted evaluation, 47 percent of students in the programming course perform poorly academically. As a result, it was determined that there is a need for improvement techniques that require preparation and implementation in order to improve students' motivation to study, academic performance, and education quality in the field of computer science. Recommendations were made that were both relevant and effective.

Author (S) Details

Akinola Kayode Emmanuel
Computer Science Department, Abraham Adesanya Polytechnic, Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Olanrewaju Grace Oluwadamilare
Department of Statistics, Abraham Adesanya Polytechnic, Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Oyenuga Augustine Yomi
Department of Statistics, Abraham Adesanya Polytechnic, Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State, Nigeria.

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/CTMCS-V4/article/view/2279

Studies on Development of New Method for the Prediction of Clinical Trial Results Using Compressive Sensing of Artificial Intelligence | Chapter 9 | Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol.2

 

We applied the compressive sensing in this analysis to an observational sample of clinical trials consisting of two groups. Each group needed time data from 25 patients, but in order to accommodate alpha and beta errors, data from 12 more patients had to be acquired. Thus, the unknown knowledge was predicted using the process of compressive sensing. For each one, the calculation was repeated 1,000 times, and 1 million (= 1,0002) log-rank tests were performed between the two classes, after which a P-value histogram was obtained. Information obtained by repeated estimates on the distribution of expected data represents the likelihood of statistical significance. This technique will be   It is useful for clinical trials studying rare diseases or if the registration process is delayed.

Author (s) Details

Y. Miyagi
Department of Gynecology, Miyake Ofuku Clinic, Okayama City, Japan and Department of Artificial Intelligence, Medical Data Labo, Okayama City, Japan.

K. Fujiwara
Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka City, Japan.

T. Oda
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miyake Clinic, Okayama City, Japan.

T. Miyake
Department of Gynecology, Miyake Ofuku Clinic, Okayama City, Japan. and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miyake Clinic, Okayama City, Japan.

R. L. Coleman
Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/271

A Critical Study on How Non-Native English Writers Indicate the Research Gap in Research Article Introductions | Chapter 10 | Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 2

Writing research  article  to  a  peer  reviewed  publication  is  a  complex  process  and  involves  daunting communication with the referees, co-authors and editors. Publication writing is more challenging than the usual communicative expression yet; prolific writers often pass through the processes without too much difficulty. Prolific writers draw on many writing strategies and one of the strategies is by highlighting the research gap. Most of the time, the research gaps highlighted are those related to the intended research niche and the intended study. While the strategy has been used and taught in many research writing instances, the strategy has been reported to be unpopular amongst the non-native English research writers. Although many non-native English writers are aware of the importance of the research gap, not much is known on how this strategy is being practiced. In view of the underutilization of this strategy and limited studies on the strategy in non-native context, this paper investigates the use of this strategy in 150 research articles introductions in Computer Science disciplines written by academicians in Malaysian Universities.  The finding of this study confirmed that indicating research gap as a strategy is underutilized by the research articles written in the corpus. In addition, this paper also described four various ways on how this strategy is commonly used by the non-native writers. The confirmation and authentic examples may be useful in the teaching and learning of research article writing.

Author (s)  Details

 Ina Suryani,
Centre for Liberal Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia. 

Norkhairi Ahmad,
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysia France Institute, Malaysia

Azlan Abdul
Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Melaka, Malaysia

Badrul Hisham Ahmad
Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis, Malaysia.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/202