Showing posts with label Polynomial. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Polynomial. Show all posts

Tuesday, 11 March 2025

A New Proof of the Inequality Between P and NP Using the Core Function Framework | Chapter 2 | Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 9

This paper contains a new proof of inequality of the classes of decision problems “P” and NP”. Its author had already proposed a different proof in three papers presented to the Academy of Sciences of Turin in 2016 and to the Journal of Computer Science in 2020 and 2022 (Ref [1]), (Ref [2]), (Ref [3]).

The analysis discussed in this paper and in its previous versions is based on a well-known NP-complete problem which is called “satisfiability problem” or “SAT”.  From SAT a new NP-complete problem, called “Core Function”, derives; this problem is described by a Boolean function of the number of the clauses of SAT.  In this paper, a proof is presented according to which the number of gates of the minimal implementation of Core Function increases with n exponentially. Since the synthesis of the Core Function is an NP-complete problem, this result can be considered as the proof of the theorem which states that the class P of all the decision problems which can be solved in polynomial time does not coincide with the class NP of the problems for which an answer can be verified in polynomial time.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Angelo Raffaele Meo
Accademia Delle Scienze di Torino, Politecnico di Torino, Italy.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mcscd/v9/3100

Sunday, 26 February 2023

A Brief Account on Special Trilinear Functions and their Applications | Chapter 6 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 6

 Based on former works on distinguished bilinear functions (SBF), we present  their use in evaluating Chebyshev polynomials show the beauty of the SBF method. Then, as a generalisation of SBF, we define distinctive trilinear functions (STF) of three n-tuples vectors. Finally, any applications are likely, such as attractive the product of three polynomials of standard n, emphasising the fact that the process of calculating the product of three integers utilizing STF methods happens in a very efficient tone and with no stated exertion.  A short discussion on the future of the subject forms the conclusion of our study.

Author(s) Details:

Aesha A. Juroud,
Department of Mathematics, Alasmariya University , Zlitin, Libya.

Bashir W. Sharif,
Department of Mathematics, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.

Ali M. Awin,
Department of Mathematics, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V6/article/view/9681

Sunday, 12 February 2023

A Note on Tur àn-Type Inequalities for Polynomials | Chapter 6 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5

 For a polynomial p(z) over the field of complex numbers, finding lower bound of |�′(z)| in term of |p(z)| with restriction on zeros of the polynomial also known as Tur�´n-type inequalities is a classical topic in analysis. In this article, we investigate and analyse certain factors which improve the bound on such inequalities namely zeros and coecient of the polynomial.


Author(s) Details:

Barchand Chanam,
Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Manipur-795004, India.

Thangjam Birkramjit Singh,
Department of Mathematics, St. Joseph University, Dimapur, Nagaland-797115, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V5/article/view/9381

Two Different Improved Bounds of Rivlin's Type Inequality on Polynomial Diversified under the Same Hypotheses| Chapter 5 | Research Highlights in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5

Let p(z) be a complex polynomial of quality n. The problem of best closeness under different restrictions on the zeros had existed attracting many, containing renowned scientists and mathematicians like Mandeleev, Markov twins and Bernstein. Their works had existed studied extensively by many mathematicians that resulted in rich accumulation of inequalities concerning complex polynomials. In this item, we discuss in a concise manner two different improved bounds of Rivlin's type prejudice on polynomial diversified under the unchanging hypotheses.

Author(s) Details:

Barchand Chanam,
Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol 795004, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHMCS-V5/article/view/9380

Tuesday, 11 October 2022

Enumeration of Abstract Complexes of a Given Kind (Labeled vs. Unlabeled): A Mathematical Approach| Chapter 7 | Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 8

 The utilisation of our enumeration polynomial P(x), a link between the labelled and unlabeled settings, is covered in the current chapter. Using the decomposition of the set of complexes into orbits, we demonstrate how to use the enumeration polynomial P(x) proposed for abstract (simplicial) complexes of a particular form, such as trees with a given number of vertices or torus triangulations with a specified network. Following a demonstration for trees, the enumeration polynomial P(x) is then applied to the triangulations of the torus with the vertex-labeled complete four-partite graph G = K2,2,2,2, where P(x) specifically equals x31. The triangulation T(G) of the graph G embeds it in the torus. In the current chapter we review the use of our enumeration polynomial P(x) which is a bridge between the labeled and unlabeled settings. We show how to apply the enumeration polynomial P(x) introduced for abstract (simplicial) complexes of a specific form, such as trees with a given number of vertices or torus triangulations with a specified network, using the decomposition of the set of complexes into orbits. The enumeration polynomial P(x) is demonstrated for trees and then is applied to the triangulations of the torus with the vertex-labeled complete four-partite graphG=K_2,2,2,2, in which specific case P(x)=x^31. The graph G embeds in the torus as a triangulation,T(G). The automorphism group of G naturally acts on the set of triangulations of the torus with the vertex-labeled graph G. There are twelve vertex-labeled triangulations of the torus with the graph G; they are classified intelligently, uniformly, and systematically without the use of computational technology. This is done by using algebraic and symmetry approaches. It is helpful to notice that the graph G can be converted to the Cayley graph of the quaternion group Q_8 with the three imaginary quaternions i,j,k as generators. The set of triangulations of the torus with the vertex-labeled graph G is naturally affected by the automorphism group of G. The torus with the graph G has twelve vertex-labeled triangulations, which are intelligently, uniformly, and systematically classified without the aid of computing technology. Using symmetry and algebraic methods, this is accomplished. It is useful to note that by using the three hypothetical quaternions I j, and k as generators, the graph G can be transformed into the Cayley graph of the quaternion group Q8.


Author(s) Details:

S. Lawrencenko,
Institute of Service Technologies, Russian State University of Tourism and Service, 99 Glavnaya Street, Cherkizovo, Pushkinsky District, Moscow Region, 141221, Russia.

A. M. Magomedov,
Department of Discrete Mathematics and Informatics, Dagestan State University, 43-A Gadjieva, Makhachkala, 367000, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMCS-V8/article/view/8361

Tuesday, 1 September 2020

Higher Power Growth of Polynomials with Prescribed Zeros | Chapter 6 | Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 1

 

Let p(z) be a polynomial of degree n having all its zeros on |z| = k, k ≤ 1. In this paper, we

generalize a result proved by Dewan and Ahuja [J. Math. Ineq., 2011,5(3): 355-361.] which further

has interesting implications. 

 

Author (s) Details


Barchand Chanam

Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Manipur, India.

View Book :-https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/237

Extensions of Bernstein Type Inequalities of a Polynomial to Polar Derivative | Chapter 4 | Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 1

 

Let p (z) be a polynomial of degree n and a be any real or complex number, the polar derivative of p(z) ,

denoted by D p(z) a , is defined as

Da p(z) = np(z)+ (a - z)p¢(z).

In this Chapter, we discuss the simple and short proofs of the Bernstein type inequalities on polar derivative of a

polynomial obtained by Dewan and Singh [J. of Combinatorics, Information & System Sciences, 31(2006)(1-4),

317-324.] compared to related existing results and further worthy implications of the techniques involved.

Author (s) Details

Barchand Chanam

Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Manipur, India.

View Book :-https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/237