Trend of Agricultural Production in India in the Post-Reforms Period: A Growth Rate Perspective Chapter 9 | Business, Management and Economics: Research Progress Vol. 2

 

Agriculture is of particular importance in a majority of countries of the world despite their various agendas to achieve the targets of food security and poverty reduction. Indian agriculture’s share of GDP declined to approximately 15% in 2023 compared to 35% in 1990-91. As this has occurred due to the rapid expansion of the secondary and tertiary sectors, it shows that the Indian economy is strongly on the path of development, where the share of agriculture is expected to decline. The current statistics also revealed that employment in the agricultural sector has declined over the years. This can raise questions about the potential of this sector to meet the objectives of providing food security and earning foreign exchange. As agriculture has a historical past with respect to its performance which is expected to have an effect on the present, the objective of this chapter is to analyze the growth performance of the agricultural sector in India in the post-reform period with particular reference to the pre-pandemic phase. Our study has shown that though the growth of this sector has fluctuated over the years and the subsectors have exhibited heterogeneous growth rates over the past two decades, it has steadily recovered in a majority of the cases, thus not compromising with the food availability of the country. Agricultural production has increased in absolute figures over the years, which speaks strongly about an increase in productivity.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Pia Ghoshal
Post Graduate Department of Economics, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 30 Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, West Bengal, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/bmerp/v2/1283

Effects of Dietary Seed Supplementation of Lagerstroemia speciose on Broiler Ability to Grow and Biochemical Traits Impacted by Commercial Feed Density| Chapter 1 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 2

 

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary seed supplementation on broiler ability to grow and biochemical traits that are impacted by commercial feed density and seed meal supplementation of Lagerstroemia speciosa.

 

Background: Organic poultry production is becoming increasingly popular in India due to the ill effects of conventional farming, and consumers are willing to pay a premium for certified organic chicken meat.

 

Materials and Methods: The research was carried out at the Government Arts College in Coimbatore-18, Tamil Nadu, India's Animal House, Department of Zoology, and Postgraduate and Research Department. The experimental design was divided into 5 groups. G1 normal diet served as a control, G2 fed green leafy vegetables and commercially available feed in G3, G4, and G5 served as coarse powder for experimental plant seeds, L. speciosa, and N. sativa (4.0 gm/100 gm).

 

Results: The experimental animals show that the growth rate of the control group shows 41±3.21d initial weight and a 124±4bc final weight (6th week), while the growth rate of group II shows 135±4.04b. Body weight is a little higher than in the control group. Commercial feed is drastic in weight gain, and it shows 489±10.44a in group III. The experimental groups IV and V are active and healthier than the other groups, but the weight is poor in group IV 78±9.29d and 105±7.62bcd in group V. The N. sativa seeds consist of thymoquinone, a bio-compound to reduce the body weight 78±9.29d in Group IV. The control group has the highest concentration of urea (10.7±0.55a), while group IV has the lowest concentration. The amount of uric acid is lowest in group IV and largest in group V. Cholesterol levels are highest in group II (green leafy vegetables) and lowest in group IV.

 

The supplementary diet, consisting of Tannins, flavonoids, Glycosides, and saponins, reduced feed intake by 50% compared to the control group. These compounds have appetite and digestion-stimulating properties and antimicrobial effects that aid digestion. Triglyceride levels are highest in Group V, while they are lowest in the control group. Group V has the least total protein, whereas the control group has the most. The control group has the highest albumin level, while group II has the lowest level.

 

Conclusion: Lagerstroemia speciosa, especially, plays a crucial role in enhancing the growth and reproductive performance of broiler chickens, supporting organic farming, and helping farmers lower the cost of poultry feed.

 

Author (s) Details

P. S. Sujatha
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore-641 018, India.

 

 

S. Pavithran
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore-641 018, India.

 

G. Ganesan
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore-641 018, India.

 

M. Karthik
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore-641 018, India.

 

V. Maivizhi
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore-641 018, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v2/2155

Continuous Production of Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (Müller 1786) in a Helical Tubular Photobioreactor Fed with Algae Nannochloripsis oculata | Chapter 3 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 2

 Simple tiny organisms named microalgae use photosynthesis to turn inorganic materials into natural ones by arresting light. For many aquatic creatures that are important for commerce, specifically fish, microalgae are the most main food supply. Aquaculture relies massively on live feeds, particularly during the fundamental stages of several marketing marine fish containing sea bream, pond bass, turbot, and coral. While few of the algae are obliquely utilized to feed the rotifer, which is an essential food in the fish's basic stage, certain fish again ingest microalgae in their maturity.In marine fish hatcheries, Nannocloropsis sp. (Eustigmatophyceae) is created as bait for rotifers and to create a 'green water effect' in fundamental tanks. Many marine fish larvae find Rotifer expected a great augmenting source. Rotifers are an excellent diet for larvae accompanying small opening openings. Microalgae boost larval survival and progress by transmitting their extreme fatty acid content to the larva by way of the rotifer. Taking all of these factors into report, it is critical to develop a reliable and suitable result system for the production of rotifers and microalgae from live feed.The approval of specifically assembled, fully enclosed, and regulated photobioreactors is necessary for constant microalgae production. The most often applyied type of closed bioreactor is a tubular photobioreactor. Transparent cup or plastic tubes are the main components of tubular photobioreactors. The tubes maybe arranged in upright, horizontal, winding, or inclined orientations depending on their design. In contrast to open ponds, photobioreactors supply advantages in the way that improved pH and temperature control, better joining, fewer dissolution losses, more biomass output, and a larger surface-to-volume percentage. Photobioreactors are made to address the drawbacks of open ponds. Additionally, distinguished to open ponds, there is less chance of adulteration, making this environment good for increasing a single class of microalgae.The large-scale production of microalgae aims to establish low-cost production of high quality. It is vital to equate the main challenges in large-scale breeding systems, such as the productive use of light, temperature, hydrodynamic balance in microalgae education, and culture continuity. Only by furnishing proper environments in the growing medium can each microalgae species flourish optimally. As a result, with extreme pH and bicarbonate concentrations, Spirulina sp., Chlorella sp. In nutrient-rich media, Dunaliella salina evolves best at very high salinity, while Nannochloripsis oculata evolves best at 25-30‰ salinity.When the nutritional value of planktonic structures is evaluated, the amount of meat and frequency of feeding performs to be ultimate important elements doing the nutritional content and development values of rotifers. One technique secondhand in algae biotechnology is the constant culture system. While the happening rate in continuous sophistication systems is ensured for one nutrient support namely continuously added to the medium, it is seductive to achieve equalized environmental conditions by providing the food output from the atmosphere at the same rate. The food liquid delivered to the environment, in another way, must be precisely regulated. In such a system, apart from continuous and logical nutritional support, a set quantity of merchandise and by-product efflux from the environment is given, halting hazardous synthetic accumulation that causes growth to stop. As a result, the drawbacks of amount production are mitigated by constant production.Nannochloropsis oculata rootless species were generated in a unending system and at 30‰ seasoning concentration utilizing an affected light source (dawn) in the spiral photobioreactor built for the study. Algae were continuously popularized into the rotifer tank from the winding photobioreactor for two weeks, and the rotifer was harvested within 24 hours. The experiment was completed activity three times. Rotifer B. plicatilis container increases and specific growth rates were intentional in a continuous rootless system. As a result, in the study, algae of age at maximum density in the spiral photobioreactor's unending system were fed to the B. plicatilis container and harvested constantly from the rotifer (B. plicatilis) culture tank for 24 hours. The development performance of B. plicatilis red-pink by an average of tenfold during the trial. The judgments of this study proper to be reviewed so that boost rotifer production in sea fish farms where fundamental production is completed activity, and an increase in product productivity will be achieved while ensuring rotifer result continuity.

Author(s) Details:

H. Kargin,
Faculty Fisheries Aquaculture Department, Mersin University, Yenisehir Campus, C-Block, 33169 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V2/article/view/11617

Analyzing the Effect of Energy Anisotropy on Electromagnetic Ordinary Mode and Purely Transverse Extraordinary Mode | Chapter 12 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.3

The effects of energy anisotropy on the Ordinary mode (O-mode) and the exclusively transverse Extraordinary mode have been investigated (X-mode). The generic dispersion relations for O-mode and X-mode have been developed using kinetic theory. Energy anisotropy, magnetic field to density ratio (_0/ p), and plasma beta _ were used to calculate the stability condition and growth rates. The growth rates and stability of the abovementioned modes demonstrate the dependence of stability on plasma beta and energy anisotropy T /T_. The energy anisotropy T /T_ and the marginal threshold plasma beta. The marginal threshold O-mode, as well as the oscillatory and merely increasing modes' reliance on energy anisotropy, are diametrically opposed. The X-mode, on the other hand, meets the instability criterion due to the geometry difference with the O-Mode. For spherical tokamaks, these modes are significant because their coupling leads to the production of the Bernstein mode, which provides the heating effects.

Author(s) Details:

N. Noreen,
Forman Christian College (Chartered University), Ferozpur Road, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.

S. Zaheer,
Forman Christian College (Chartered University), Ferozpur Road, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.

H. A. Shah,
Forman Christian College (Chartered University), Ferozpur Road, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V3/article/view/6831

Late Season Sugarcane Genotype as Affected by Irrigation Water Deficit at the Yield Formation Stage in Ferké, North-Eastern Ivory Coast | Chapter 12 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 5

 In order to evaluate sugarcane growth and yield response to irrigation water deficit imposed during the yield creation stage, a field trial was conducted in Ferké 2 Sugar mill plantations in northeastern Ivory Coast. The first ratoon harvest was a non-flowering late-season sugarcane cultivar (Co957). The study used a randomised complete block design with four water shortage treatments in three repetitions. It was discovered that the ideal water deficiency was 20% of typical watering treatment. That treatment resulted in a water use efficiency of 7.9 kg cane/m3, or 0.98 kg sugar/m3. A protracted dry season occurred during the yield formation stage, resulting in lower crop growth rates (0.2-0.4 cm/day) and cane yields (24.5-78.4 t/ha). Cane juice quality was notably excellent on the variety employed, which performed moderately under Ferké 2 farming settings, in keeping with the prevailing climatic circumstances.

Author(S) Details 

Crépin B. Péné
School of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM)/International University of Grand-Bassam, P.O. Box 564 Grand-Bassam, Ivory Coast.

Marco H. Ouattara
Sucrerie d’Afrique Côte d’Ivoire (SUCAF-CI)/Ferké Sugar mills, 01 P.O. Box 1967 Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

Sylvain G. Koulibaly
Sucrerie d’Afrique Côte d’Ivoire (SUCAF-CI)/Ferké Sugar mills, 01 P.O. Box 1967 Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V5/article/view/5265

Growth and Production Occurance of Monosex Tilapia (O. niloticus) in Tank Based System: Sustainable Development for Rural People of West Bengal, India | Chapter 2 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 6

 Monosex tilapia, the world's most culturally diverse fish species, has reached new heights of productivity in recent years. Because of the high demand and value of this species on the local and international market, it plays an important role in the fish farming industry. The limits of pond culture are reduced by using a tank-based culture method, which may generate extremely high yields year-round on tiny plots of land. Male tilapia can grow to marketable size in tanks with a high fish density, which disrupts breeding behaviour. From August 2016 to March 2017, a research was done at Kelomal village in the Purba Medinipur area of West Bengal to evaluate growth, output, and profit analyses. According to the findings, if a person invests Rs.2879 in tank farming for three months (length, breadth, and depth ratio of 30:3:1), the net profit after all expenses is Rs.3025. As a result, determining how profitable it is is simple (nearly 50 percent). Because hybrid monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) are rapid developing and have an omnivorous feeding habit, they reached market size of > 180g after each 120-day production cycle. For the three production cycles, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) ranged from 2.80 to 2.81. By analysing the growth patterns of monosex tilapia under tank culture systems, the study's main goals were to establish a sustainable rural livelihoods aquaculture technology for the production of a key animal protein supply. Commercial monosex tilapia farming can play an essential role in ensuring people's long-term growth and meeting their protein and nutritional needs in this way.

Author(S) Details

Mrinmay Ghorai
Centre for Fisheries Research, Department of Zoology, Panskura Banamali College, Purba Medinipur -721152, West Bengal, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V6/article/view/4856

Study on Growth Trends for Groundnut Crop in Jaipur District and Rajasthan State | Chapter 17 | New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol.1

 In the state of Rajasthan, the Jaipur district has a large territory and produces a lot of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). The current study was conducted with the goal of determining groundnut growth rates in terms of acreage, production, and productivity in Jaipur district and Rajasthan state. For the years 2008-09 to 2017-18, secondary data on groundnut area, production, and productivity were collected for Jaipur district and Rajasthan state. Annual growth rates were calculated using statistical methods such as the linear function model, semi-log function model, and exponential function model. For the period 2008-09 to 2017-18, the results revealed that groundnut area, production, and productivity were expected to be negative in the district of Jaipur and positive in the state of Rajasthan as a whole. In the Jaipur district, growth rates in groundnut area, production, and productivity were estimated to be significantly negative, i.e. 3.63, 4.41, and 1.31 per cent per annum, respectively, whereas in Rajasthan state, growth rates in groundnut area, production, and productivity were estimated to be significantly positive, i.e. 7.64, 11.54, and 3.90 per cent per annum, respectively. As a result, the study suggests improving production by bringing more land under groundnut cultivation and productivity by producing improved groundnut varieties that are suited to the state's shifting agro-climatic circumstances.

Author(S) Details

Santosh Todawata
Department of Agricultural Economics, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur-303329 (Rajasthan), India.

Sonu Jain
Department of Agricultural Economics, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur-303329 (Rajasthan), India.

Sheela Kharkwal
Department of Agricultural Economics, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur-303329 (Rajasthan), India.

P. S. Shekhawat
Department of Agricultural Economics, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur-303329 (Rajasthan), India.

Subhita Kumawat
Department of Agricultural Economics, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur-303329 (Rajasthan), India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NIEBM-V1/article/view/4396

Status of Agricultural Trade in Asia Pacific Region: A Recent Study | Chapter 15 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

 The purpose of this study was to determine the growth rate of agricultural exports and imports in major Asian Pacific countries as well as the broader Asia Pacific area. Data over a 27-year period, from 1992 to 2018, is used in the analysis. Indonesia has the highest compound annual growth rate for agricultural commodity exports in terms of value (10.28 percent), followed by India (9.52 percent), China (8.60 percent), Thailand (6.30 percent), and Australia (6.30 percent) (4.68 percent ). Due to a growth in the unit value of commodities, agricultural commodity exports for key exporting countries in Asia Pacific have shown an upward tendency in terms of value. Agriculture exports from the Asia Pacific region and the rest of the globe grew at a positive and significant annual pace of 7.90% and 7.09%, respectively. India, China, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, and Japan, the key importing countries, experienced positive and significant growth rates of 12.92, 12.89, 8.64, 5.92, and 1.78 percent each year, respectively. Because of rising affluence, changing lifestyles, and fluctuating commodity prices, agricultural commodity imports are on the rise in terms of value. In addition, agricultural commodity imports to the Asia Pacific area (7.29 percent) and the rest of the world are on the rise (6.94 percent ). In terms of agricultural exports and imports from Asia, the share of animal and fibre products declined over time, while the share of vegetable and food products increased. Vegetable goods had a growth rate of 9.33 percent for exports and 9.29 percent for imports, respectively. Due to an increase in the share of vegetable products in agricultural exports and imports, the growth rate of both agricultural exports and imports is growing across the entire Asia Pacific area. Reforms are needed to liberalise logistics, facilitate the adoption of contemporary information and communication technologies, promote competition among service providers, and improve access to credit and trade financing.

Author(S) Details

P. Soumya
Department of Agricultural Economics, S. V. Agricultural college, ANGRAU, Tirupati, India.

R. A. Yeledhalli
Department of Agribusiness Management, College of Agriculture, UAS Dharwad, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V2/article/view/4420

Study on Export Performance of Wool in Australia | Chapter 08 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 The purpose of this study is to look at the market share, growth, instability, country-by-country exports, and trade orientation of wool from Australia. The tools utilised to analyse data from 2006 to 2020 were the compound annual growth rate, Cuddy-Della Valle Index, and Markov chain analysis. Australia is the world's leading wool exporter, accounting for 46.95 percent of total world export volume and 65.89 percent of total world export value. Wool exports from Australia are growing at a negative rate (-2.46 percent per year), but they are growing at a positive rate in terms of value (3.99 percent per annum). In terms of quantity, the instability index for wool exports is low (7.90%), but in terms of value, it is medium (21.16%). Wool imports to Republic of Korea grew at the fastest rate among major importers, both in terms of quantity (4.38 percent) and value (9.10 percent). Australia sends a significant amount of wool to China, which is the most reliable importer with a retention rate of 90.86 percent. India is the other dependable importer. The government should take steps to exploit existing markets and seek new ones, such as Indonesia.

Author(S) Details

P. Soumya
NASF Project, Department of Agricultural Economics, S. V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, India.

R. A. Yeledhalli
Department of Agribusiness Management, College of Agriculture, UAS Dharwad, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V7/article/view/4425

Study on Mobile Technology, Social Media and 180 Million People | Chapter 3 | Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 10

 In the last 30 years, developed economies around the world have used information technology (IT) in many aspects of life, particularly to promote efficiency in businesses and to strengthen ties between the company and its internal and external stakeholders. Despite the fact that technology has been integrated into everyday life in established economies all over the world, particularly in the way they For a variety of reasons, little can be said about the advancement of such new technologies in developing countries. Poverty, insufficient facilities, poor Internet penetration, high energy costs, corruption, and an unpredictable political system have all contributed to the low adoption and use of IT in developing countries thus far. However, the pattern appears to be changing since the mid-2000s. Internet use has increased as a result of the increased use of smart phones, making it more accessible to a mostly young and educated population in recent years.

Author (s) Details

Adesugba  Adesoji
California Southern University, 3330 Harbor Blvd, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, California, USA

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/IEAM-V10/article/view/1466

Research on Stability of Nonlinear TE Surface Waves along the Boundary of Left-Handed Material | Chapter 9 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 5

 This communication presents a simulation of the stability characteristics of nonlinear surface waves

propagating along a left-handed substrate (LHM) and a non-linear dielectric cover. The growth rate of
perturbation is computed by solving the dispersion equation of perturbation. We found that the stability of nonlinear surface waves is affected by the frequency dependence of the electric permittivity e h and magnetic permeability mh of the LHM. The spatial evolution of the steady state field amplitude is determined by using computer simulation method. The calculations show that with increasing the
effective refractive index nx at fixed saturation parameter m p , the field distribution is sharpened and
concentrated in the nonlinear medium. The waves are stable of forward and backward behavior. At
higher values of nx , attenuated backward waves are observed.

Author(s) Details
 
Hana Mohammed Mousa
Physics Department, Al Azhar University, Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestinian Authority.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/245