Physicochemical Aspects of Open Reading Frame 4 of Hepatitis E Virus: A General Perspective | Chapter 2 | Open Reading Frame 4 - A Multifunctional Protein of Hepatitis E Virus

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a member of the family Hepeviridae, is the major cause of hepatitis E infections across the globe. Though the open reading frame 4 (ORF4) indispensability in the replication of HEV has been demonstrated, its physicochemical properties remain to be explored. Therefore, a thorough investigation of the physical and chemical properties of the ORF4 proteins, obtained from various HEV isolates, was carried out to examine their peculiar characteristics. The physicochemical properties considered for the present study included a number of charged amino acid residues, instability indices, aliphatic indices and grand average of hydropathy (GRAVY) scores. The comparative analyses predicted the basic, unstable, thermostable and hydrophobic nature of the ORF4 proteins. Delineation of various physicochemical components of ORF4 will assist in revealing specific patterns of these proteins, further which will increase our knowledge of HEV biology.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Zoya Shafat

Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-976932-1-2/CH2

Study on Export Performance of Wool in Australia | Chapter 08 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 The purpose of this study is to look at the market share, growth, instability, country-by-country exports, and trade orientation of wool from Australia. The tools utilised to analyse data from 2006 to 2020 were the compound annual growth rate, Cuddy-Della Valle Index, and Markov chain analysis. Australia is the world's leading wool exporter, accounting for 46.95 percent of total world export volume and 65.89 percent of total world export value. Wool exports from Australia are growing at a negative rate (-2.46 percent per year), but they are growing at a positive rate in terms of value (3.99 percent per annum). In terms of quantity, the instability index for wool exports is low (7.90%), but in terms of value, it is medium (21.16%). Wool imports to Republic of Korea grew at the fastest rate among major importers, both in terms of quantity (4.38 percent) and value (9.10 percent). Australia sends a significant amount of wool to China, which is the most reliable importer with a retention rate of 90.86 percent. India is the other dependable importer. The government should take steps to exploit existing markets and seek new ones, such as Indonesia.

Author(S) Details

P. Soumya
NASF Project, Department of Agricultural Economics, S. V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, India.

R. A. Yeledhalli
Department of Agribusiness Management, College of Agriculture, UAS Dharwad, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V7/article/view/4425