Liver Disorders in Autopsy Cases: A Reflective Study in a Tertiary Care Center | Chapter 1 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

Background: Diseases in the liver can be – congenital malformations, chronic venous congestion, hepatitis, fatty change, cirrhosis, Steatohepatitis, Pyogenic and amoebic abscess, hydatid cyst, storage disorders, hemosiderosis, tuberculosis, infarcts, actinomycosis, hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic deposits etc. Even chronic liver diseases in the advanced stage may go undiagnosed because of delayed signs and symptoms. Mostly diagnosed incidentally on routine health check-ups, surgery or at autopsy. The liver is the site of many diseases, many become symptomatic while few are diagnosed only on autopsy. The cause of chronic liver disease varies in different geographic areas and is influenced by socioeconomic status, diet, lifestyle and regional diseases.

Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in the Department of Pathology over a period of one year. A total of 40 cases of liver specimens, received as part of the liver, constituted the material for the study. All were autopsy cases and the organs were received in 10% formalin. Routine grossing and staining with hematoxylin and eosin stain were performed. Slides were analyzed, the findings were noted and lesions categorized.

Results: A total of 40 specimens were studied. Age ranged from newborn to 70 years, with 92.5 % male cases. About one-third of the total cases showed autolytic changes. 25% were showing chronic venous congestion followed by fatty change (22.5%), hepatitis (12.5%), cirrhosis, steatohepatitis and normal liver histology (2.5% each). So, to prevent autolysis of the specimen, the medical practitioner performing the autopsies should undergo training regarding performing the post-mortem and preservation and transportation of viscera for histopathological examination to conclude the cause of death.

Conclusion: 1. Autopsy has an important role in identifying the cause of death.

2. About one-third of the total cases showed autolytic changes.

3. To overcome the autolysis of the specimen, the medical practitioner performing the autopsies should be trained in how to carry post-mortem and to preserve the viscera for histopathological examination so that the cause of death can be noted.

 

Author (s) Details

Ekta Rani
GGSMC, Faridkot, Punjab, India.

 

Vishal Mehrolia
Specialist Civil Hospital, Kotkapura, Punjab, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v9/2161

Advances in Treating Chronic Disease| Book Publisher International

 Since ancient times, in the medical field, people have taken advantage of natural substances to cure diseases. Today, modern medicine is constantly developing, inheriting from the ancients to continue to conduct new research and produce effective treatment products for several diseases that are considered chronic today.

The compositions mentioned in the book have successfully treated a number of supposedly chronic diseases, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma caused by HBV and HCV infections; increased antibodies against COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients, infertility due to orchitis, the testicles are unable to produce spermatozoon, help the testicles complete five successive stages: (1) spermatogonia, (2) primary spermatocytes, (3) secondary spermatocytes, (4) spermatids, and (5) spermatozoon; protecting the fetus, and helping the fetus to develop to full term in a uterus with multiple fibroids. The selective compositions act on the patient's immune system, helping the body to resist harmful effects from the environment. Thanks to the natural substances: Flavonoids; Ascorbic Acid; Pyridoxal phosphate; Pregnenolone, they act as anti-inflammatory agents, enzymes that catalyze the body's chain reactions, as well as natural hormones. They have corrected chronic inflammatory disorders, tumors that grow out of control, causing a number of dangers to the patient's health. Research has shown that flavonoids and vitamins such as Ascorbic Acid, Pyridoxal phosphate, and Pregnenolone mentioned in this book have the necessary biological activity. They have a high impact potential, help the body to regulate, inactivate viruses, dissolve inflammatory tissue, prevent and destroy cancer cells at an early stage.

With practical evidence, the book will give readers an overview of the potential that needs to be discovered from nature to serve human life.

Author(s) Details:

Nguyen Thi Trieu,
Clinical Drug Research and Development Department under Saigon Biopharma Company, Vietnam.

Tran Minh Duc,
Clinical Drug Research and Development Department under Saigon Biopharma Company, Vietnam.

Tran Minh Cam Tu,
Clinical Drug Research and Development Department under Saigon Biopharma Company, Vietnam.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ATCD/article/view/8972

Determination of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Metabolic Syndrome Patients| Chapter 7 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.9

The purpose of the study is to establish the connection of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with metabolic syndrome patients in order to estimate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in metabolic syndrome patients in the South Indian population who have already been diagnosed. Learn about the association between metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as its general characteristics. To identify potential steatohepatitis risk factors in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome, as well as steatohepatitis risk categories in these individuals. There is an increase in the incidence of all metabolic syndrome components, as well as changes in biochemical markers, in cases of nonalcoholic fatty liver.

Author(s) Details:

Pinky Karam,
Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (Affiliated to Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

B. Shanthi,
Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (Affiliated to Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Mary Chandrika,
Department of Biochemistry, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (Affiliated to Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V9/article/view/5967

 

Spontaneous Couniaud Segmen V Hepatic Haemorrhage from Hepatic Cirrhosis: A Rare Clinical Complication and Post Operative Evalution | Chapter 10 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 A spontaneous hepatic haemorrhage (SHH) is an uncommon disorder in which the hepatic parenchyma ruptures without apparent cause. It's a surgical emergency because it produces intra-abdominal bleeding, which can lead to haemorrhagic shock and death if it's not treated. The clinical presentation is typically non-specific but urgent, needing prompt diagnosis and treatment, which may include interventional radiology, hepatology, and surgery. SHH is an uncommon complication induced most usually by HCC and hepatic adenoma, although it can also be caused by a variety of other lesions, including all known benign and malignant hepatic tumours, as well as metastatic malignancy. The cause of spontaneous bleeding is unknown, but there is evidence of vascular impairment, at least in HCC patients, and the disorder is more common in people with connective tissue illnesses. In patients with a known underlying disease, SHH is diagnosed using a clinical index of suspicion. This is not always the case, as SHH is a rare consequence in people with connective tissue disease who have never been in a car accident.

The goal of this study was to assess the long-term prognosis of this uncommon complication of hepatic cirrhosis using continuous liver function monitoring and abdominal computed tomography scanning.

Spontaneous hepatic bleeding is a serious abdominal emergency with a high rate of morbidity and fatality. The management of this case relies heavily on emergency operations.

Author(S) Details

I. B. Budhi
Department of Surgery, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia.

I. B. Metria
Medical Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V8/article/view/5804

Study On Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension: An Approach from Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutics | Chapter 8 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 13

 Portal hypertension and bleeding from gastric varices are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients. Increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and a hyperdynamic circulatory condition cause portal hypertension. High cardiac output, higher total blood volume, and splanchnic vasodilation characterise the latter, all of which result in increased mesenteric blood flow. In cirrhotic portal hypertension, pharmacological therapy targets both the splanchnic and hepatic vascular beds. Drugs that target the classic renin-angiotensin system's components (RAS), Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II type receptor 1 blockers, for example, are believed to treat portal hypertension by lowering intrahepatic vascular tone by reducing extracellular matrix deposition and contractile cell vasoactivity. These drugs have been linked to side effects such as systemic hypotension and renal failure. As a result, non-selective -blockers (NSBBs) have become the standard of care for reducing variceal bleeding and improving patient mortality by lowering portal pressure. These NSBBs work by decreasing cardiac output and increasing splanchnic vasodilation. However, the majority of patients do not receive an acceptable therapeutic response, and a significant proportion of patients are unable to handle these drugs. Although statins have been shown to lower portal pressure and overall mortality in cirrhotic patients when used alone or in conjunction with NSBBs, they are not without side effects. There is a need for more randomised clinical studies with larger patient populations and precise clinical end goals. Recent findings from research into the potential use of alternate RAS component blockers to inhibit splanchnic vasodilation in portal hypertension provided compelling evidence that could lead to the development of drugs that target the splanchnic vascular bed to inhibit splanchnic vasodilation in portal hypertension. This review outlines the pathogenesis of portal hypertension and attempts to provide an update on current therapeutic approaches in the management of portal hypertension, with a focus on how the alternate RAS could be manipulated in our search for safe, specific, and effective novel therapies to treat portal hypertension in cirrhosis.

Author (S) Details

Lakmie S. Gunarathne
Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.

Harinda Rajapaksha
Oracle for Research, Oracle Australia, VIC 3000, Australia.

Nicholas Shackel
ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia.

Peter W. Angus
Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.

Chandana B. Herath
Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia and South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V13/article/view/2727

Effects of CTHepaB, a Traditional Vietnamese Medicinal Formulation, on the Treatment of Cirrhosis in Wistar Rats | Chapter 11 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

 Objectives: CTHepaB is a popular Vietnamese herbal formulation that is used to avoid liver problems. In this analysis, the effects of CTHepaB on cirrhosis in Wistar rats caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) combined with alcohol, high-fat, and iron diet were evaluated in vivo.

Materials and Methods : Cirrhosis was induced in Wistar rats by injecting CC14 (5.0 ml/kg) subcutaneously once a week for 10 weeks. The rats were then given a diet that included 20% fat, 0.05 percent cholesterol, and iron oxalate. Every day, rats were given plain water, and on one day, they were given water laced with 30% ethanol. The rats were divided into five groups and given distilled water, CC14, silymarin (70 mg/kg/24 h), or CTHepaB (at 0.56 and 1.12 g/kg/24 h) for four weeks, during which blood samples were taken for biochemical studies, the livers were dissected to assess weight and morphology, and 4-hydroxyproline was quantified to assess fibrosis and collagen accumulation.

Results : CTHepaB reduced the activity of the enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the blood in cirrhotic Wistar rats at both 0.56 and 1.12 g/kg/24 h (p 0.01), increased plasma albumin levels, and decreased prothrombin times (p 0.05). According to Masson's trichrome-stained templates, CTHepaB treatment strengthened the rats' physical condition, decreased hydroxyproline concentrations in the liver, and minimised the level of cirrhosis. CTHepaB had dose-dependent effects, with a dose of 70 mg/kg/24 h being equivalent to silymarin.

Conclusion: CTHepaB was effective for the treatment of a cirrhosis model in Wistar rats.

Author (s) Details

Dau Xuan Canh
Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, 2 Tran Phu, Mo Lao Ward, Ha Dong district, Hanoi, Viet Nam. 

Le Thi Tuyet
Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, 2 Tran Phu, Mo Lao Ward, Ha Dong district, Hanoi, Viet Nam. 

Manh Hung Tran
Faculty of Pharmacy, Dong A University, 33 Xo Viet Nghe Tinh, Hoa Cuong Nam ward, Hai Chau District, Da Nang City 550000, Vietnam.

Nguyen Hoang Ngan
Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Phuc La ward, Ha Dong district, Hanoi, Viet Nam.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V2/issue/view/55