Liver Disorders in Autopsy Cases: A Reflective Study in a Tertiary Care Center | Chapter 1 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

Background: Diseases in the liver can be – congenital malformations, chronic venous congestion, hepatitis, fatty change, cirrhosis, Steatohepatitis, Pyogenic and amoebic abscess, hydatid cyst, storage disorders, hemosiderosis, tuberculosis, infarcts, actinomycosis, hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic deposits etc. Even chronic liver diseases in the advanced stage may go undiagnosed because of delayed signs and symptoms. Mostly diagnosed incidentally on routine health check-ups, surgery or at autopsy. The liver is the site of many diseases, many become symptomatic while few are diagnosed only on autopsy. The cause of chronic liver disease varies in different geographic areas and is influenced by socioeconomic status, diet, lifestyle and regional diseases.

Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in the Department of Pathology over a period of one year. A total of 40 cases of liver specimens, received as part of the liver, constituted the material for the study. All were autopsy cases and the organs were received in 10% formalin. Routine grossing and staining with hematoxylin and eosin stain were performed. Slides were analyzed, the findings were noted and lesions categorized.

Results: A total of 40 specimens were studied. Age ranged from newborn to 70 years, with 92.5 % male cases. About one-third of the total cases showed autolytic changes. 25% were showing chronic venous congestion followed by fatty change (22.5%), hepatitis (12.5%), cirrhosis, steatohepatitis and normal liver histology (2.5% each). So, to prevent autolysis of the specimen, the medical practitioner performing the autopsies should undergo training regarding performing the post-mortem and preservation and transportation of viscera for histopathological examination to conclude the cause of death.

Conclusion: 1. Autopsy has an important role in identifying the cause of death.

2. About one-third of the total cases showed autolytic changes.

3. To overcome the autolysis of the specimen, the medical practitioner performing the autopsies should be trained in how to carry post-mortem and to preserve the viscera for histopathological examination so that the cause of death can be noted.

 

Author (s) Details

Ekta Rani
GGSMC, Faridkot, Punjab, India.

 

Vishal Mehrolia
Specialist Civil Hospital, Kotkapura, Punjab, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v9/2161

Distribution of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes, Subgenotypes and Recombinants in Russia | Chapter 3 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 Objective: This unit aims to evaluate the current community health of HCV infection in Russia and decide the distribution of HCV genotypes and clinically relevant HCV subgenotypes (1a, 1b), in addition to recombinant RF1_2k/1b.Introduction: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) conceives both severe and chronic liver contaminations, which can influence cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. HCV is from tremendous ancestral diversity and meaningful variations in the occurrence of particular HCV genotypes around the globe. Several effective menus of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), including pan-genotypic DAAs, can successfully cure HCV contamination. Furthermore, genotype-specific HCV cures are being actively secondhand in national actions to eliminate HCV contamination around the world. The amount of HCV genotype prevalence in a likely country is required for the profitable execution of HCV removal strategies and for assigning financial resources to the DAAs that are most effective against the indicated HCV genotypes prevalent within country.Methods: We performed backward-looking epidemiological analysis of incessant and acute HCV contaminations in Russia from 2001 to 2021. A total 10,107 serum samples calm in 2015–2017 from patients with never-ending HCV infection use all federal communes of Russia were screened for HCV genotypes, subgenotypes, and recombinants utilizing PCR and Sanger analysis.Results: The judgments showed that the incidence of severe HCV (AHC) infection in Russia deteriorated from 16.7 cases per 100,000 people in 2001 to 0.6/100,000 in 2021. During in the past, the number of chronic HCV (CHC) contaminations declined from 29.5 to 16.4 per 100,000 humans. According to the HCV genotyping analysis, HCV genotype 1 predominates in Russia (53.6%), when in fact genotypes 3 and 2 were found in 35.4% and 7.8% of inmates, respectively. Except for the Far East, place HCV genotype 2 was discovered in scarcely 1% of the samples, these proportions are almost equal across Russia. HCV genotypes 1 and 2 are more common in girls, while HCV genotype 3 is more common in men. Genotype 3 was most prevalent among 31-40-old age-olds (44.9%), while genotype 1 was most common in those over 70 (72.2%). HCV genotype 2 was more ordinary in HCV-infected community above the age of 40. The most HCV RF1_2k/1b was found in the North-West (60%), Southern (41.6%), and Central (31.6%) combined districts, with 14.3% in the direction of the Far Eastern and North Caucasus areas. HCV RF1_2k/1b was not in the direction of the Volga, Ural, or Siberian districts.Conclusions: This is Russia's first and most inclusive study of HCV epidemiology and genotype/subgenotype classification.

Author(s) Details:

Nikolay Pimenov,
National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Moscow 127473, Russia and Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.

Dmitry Kostyushev,
Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia and Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia.

Svetlana Komarova,
National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Moscow 127473, Russia and Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.

Anastasia Fomicheva,
National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Moscow 127473, Russia and Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.

Alexander Urtikov,
National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Moscow 127473, Russia and Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.

Olga Belaia,
Department of Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.

Karina Umbetova,
Department of Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.

Olga Darvina,
Department of Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.

Natalia Tsapkova,
F. Erisman Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia.
 

Vladimir Chulanov,
National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Moscow 127473, Russia and Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia and Department of Infectious Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V3/article/view/12365