The Impact of Cancer-associated Adipocytes on Prognostic Value of CD8 and CD45RO T Lymphocytes in Tumor and Bone Marrow and Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer with Obesity | Chapter 1 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 

Background: Epidemiological data demonstrate that obesity is a strong cancer risk factor for recurrence and survival and is linked to more aggressive characteristics of the major common cancers. It is considered that high generalized tumor inflammatory infiltrate could be a good prognostic marker. At the same time, T-cells' role in actual human cancer remains largely unknown. In this aspect, it has to be noted that the publications concerning the evaluation of the prognostic value of CD8⁺_-, CD45RO⁺_-T lymphocytes in tumor and bone marrow (BM) under overweight and obesity are limited, especially in the clinical setting concerning gastric cancer.

Aim: This study determines whether CAA density as well as hypoxia in tumors affect the prognostic value of TILs and CD8+- and CD45RO+ cells in BM and evaluates their impact on disease outcome in patients with GC, stratified by body mass index (BMI).

Patients and Methods: Immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical examinations, ³¹P NMR spectroscopy, and statistical analysis were used.

Results: According to the findings, 39.5%, 46.4%, and 89.5% of patients with BMI<25, BMI>25<30, and BMI>30, respectively, had high CAAs (>M) in tumors. When tumors of patients with BMI<25, BMI>25<30, and BMI>30 were characterized by the high density of CAAs, a high number of CD8⁺-T cells was detected in 58.8.1%, 37.5% and 16.6% and CD45RO⁺_-T cells in 57.8%, 41.4% and 30.7% of cases, respectively. Moreover, 82.4%, 87.5% and 92.3% and 83.6%, 65.6% and 93.2% of patients with BMI<25, BMI>25<30, BMI>30, respectively had CD8⁺_- and CD45RO⁺_-T cells in BM. Obtained results have shown that tumor hypoxia does not associate with the presence of CD8⁺- and CD45RO⁺_-T cells in BM and, probably, does not influence their activity. Patients with obesity having a high density of CAAs in tumors but with slight in filtrating of TILs demonstrated unexpectedly better OS than patients with normal weight having significantly shorter OS. It may be suggested that the high density of CAAs in tumor play a key role in the OS of patients.

Conclusion: Obtained results have shown that the density of CAAs but not tumor hypoxia has a strong influence on the prognostic value of TILs as well on OS in patients with GC in according with BMI. No association was observed between the prognostic value of CD8⁺_-T and CD45RO⁺_- T cells in BM and OS of patients under obesity. Understanding the metabolic changes that occur in obese individuals may help to pave the way for more effective treatments for patients with gastric cancer having overweight.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Dr. L. Bubnovskaya (Ph.D (Oncol.))
R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasilkovskaya Str. 45, Kiev-03022, Ukraine

Dr. I. Ganusevich, PhD, Dr. Sci (biol)
R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasilkovskaya Str. 45, Kiev-03022, Ukraine.

 

S. Merentsev (senior surgeon-oncologist)
City Clinical Oncological Center, Verchovynna Str.69, Kiev-03115, Ukraine.

 

Professor D.Osinsky, MD, Doc. Sci. (med.)
City Clinical Oncological Center, Verchovynna Str.69, Kiev-03115, Ukraine.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v5/2481

Investigating the Differentiation of Canine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in to Islet–Like Cells | Chapter 2 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 In vitro differentiation of canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into pancreas islet-like cells is the purpose of this study. The BMSCs of healthy canines were isolated and cultured in the lab. After the third passage, BMSCs were induced to grow into islet-like cells using two-step induction techniques (at 80 percent confluence). Cell morphology, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) expression of the canine insulin gene, immunocytochemistry detection of nestin and insulin proteins, and quantification of insulin level in culture media were all used to characterise differentiated BMSC cells into islet-like cells. Grape-like cell clusters might be spotted using a bright field microscope. In differentiated cells, the expression of the insulin gene and protein was identified. Insulin levels in the culture media of differentiated cells were excessively high. It was discovered that canine BMSCs can be differentiated into islet-like cells. These differentiated cells may have played an important role in the treatment of canine diabetes. Dogs, BMSCs, Islet-like cells, Differentiation are some of the key words in this study.

Author (S) Details

P. M. Deepa
Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly – 243122, Uttar Pradesh India and Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad - 673 576, Kerala, India.

Umesh Dimri
Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly – 243122, Uttar Pradesh India.

Vikas Chandra
Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly – 243122, Uttar Pradesh India.

G. Taru Sharma
Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly – 243122, Uttar Pradesh India.

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Bone Marrow Involvement in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer | Chapter 7 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 17

 Disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM) have been found to be distant metastasis progenitors. The finding of DTCs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) will provide critical information on metastatic characteristics, as well as the possibility of uncovering new targets for NSCLC treatment. The study's purpose is to examine if DTC can be found in BM and to figure out how often BM involvement is in NSCLC patients, as well as how it affects the lymphocyte population in the BM. 62 bone marrow samples from NSCLC patients were examined using morphological and immunological methods. Flow cytometry (FACS Canto II, USA, Kaluza Analysis v2.1 software) was used to analyse DTCs. Monoclonal antibodies to CD45, EPCAM, CD133, lymphocyte populations CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD20, CD16, and CD27 were directly labelled with various fluorochromes. In 43.5 percent of patients, EPCAM+CD45- (DTCs) were identified in the BM (threshold level: 1 cell per 10 million myelocaricytes). In 33.3% (9/27) of the instances, CD133+EPCAM+CD45-cells were discovered. DTC presence had no correlation with tumour size, lymph node status, or tumour stage. Stages IA and IIA had the highest rates of DTC detection: 60.7 percent and 58.3 percent, respectively. BM involvement was observed in 45 percent of instances of adenocarcinoma and 37 percent of samples of squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.501). Highly differentiated tumours had a higher prevalence of DTCs (p = 0.023). There are no significant links between the presence of DTCs in the BM and the parameters of the myelogram. In 4 percent of BM involvement, the number of granulocytic lineage cells decreased (p = 0.036). With BM injury, the level of CD16 + CD4-NK-cells (p = 0.002) and CD27 + CD3 + T-cells (p = 0.015) subpopulations increased significantly. DTCs can be found in the BM of NSCLC patients, according to the findings. The BM accounted for 43.5 percent of the participants. DTCs are observed even in the early stages of NSCLC. A relationship between BM involvement and the degree of tumour differentiation was established. Squamous cell lung cancer exhibited a higher rate of BM involvement than adenocarcinoma of the lung. The link between DTCs and BM lymphocyte populations was discovered: CD16 + CD4-, CD27 + CD3+ subpopulations.

Author (S) Details

Stilidi Ivan
Federal State Budgetary Institute “N.N. Blokhin National medical research center of oncology” of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow; Kashyrskoe sh.24, Moscow, 115478, Russia and Pirogov N.I. Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, 1, Ostrovitianova st., Moscow, 117997, Russia.

Kononetz Pavel
Federal State Budgetary Institute “N.N. Blokhin National medical research center of oncology” of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow; Kashyrskoe sh.24, Moscow, 115478, Russia.

Chulkova Svetlana
Federal State Budgetary Institute “N.N. Blokhin National medical research center of oncology” of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow; Kashyrskoe sh.24, Moscow, 115478, Russia and Pirogov N.I. Russian National Research Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health, 1, Ostrovitianova st., Moscow, 117997, Russia.

Tupitsyn Nikolay
Federal State Budgetary Institute “N.N. Blokhin National medical research center of oncology” of the Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow; Kashyrskoe sh.24, Moscow, 115478, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V17/article/view/2610

CXCR4 Expression in Gastric Cancer and Bone Marrow | Chapter 4 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor that is specific for stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1, CXCL12) and is involved in the spread and progression of a number of different tumors. Although evidence suggests that CXCR4 and SDF-1 expression can be used to assess the risk of gastric cancer progression, their impact on the occurrence and progression of gastric cancer (GC) requires further investigation. The current study examined the relationship of CXCR4 expression in both GC and bone marrow (BM) with clinical characteristics using immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, NMR-spectroscopy, and zymography, as well as overall The overall survival (OS) of 65 GC patients was studied. CXCR4 was found to be expressed in 78.5 percent of GC specimens and was associated with tumor hypoxia (p0.05), VEGF expression (p0.01), and gelatinase activity (p0.05). CXCR4-positive cells in the GC were found in 80 percent of patients with disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the BM. CXCR4 expression in the brain was linked to DTCs, particularly in patients with M0. Patients with CXCR4-positive tumors had a lower overall survival (OS) than those with CXCR4-negative tumors (p=0.037). CXCR4 expression in the brain was not linked to OS. Patients with M0 and both CXCR4-positive BM and DTCs have a higher risk of a poor outcome (P = 0.03).

Author (s) Details

Dmitry Osinsky
City Clinical Oncological Center, Verchovynna Street 69, Kiev 03115, Ukraine.

Larissa Bubnovskaya
R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Street 45, Kiev 03022, Ukraine.

Dr. Irina Ganusevich,
R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Street 45, Kiev 03022, Ukraine.

Lesya Mamontova
R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Street 45, Kiev 03022, Ukraine.

Sergej Merentsev
City Clinical Oncological Center, Verchovynna Street 69, Kiev 03115, Ukraine.

Professor Sergej Osinsky
R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Street 45, Kiev 03022, Ukraine.

View Book : https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V2/article/view/1350

Research on Disseminated Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow in Gastric Cancer Patients with Obesity | Chapter 16 | Innovations in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for cancer development and is associated with poor prognosis in multiple tumor types. There is emerging evidence of a strong association between obesity and gastrointestinal cancer. The molecular mechanism underlying gastric cancer invasion and metastasis is still poorly understood. Problem of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in gastric cancer remains to be relevant for clinics and less is known concerning this problem for patients with obesity.  Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate how incidence of DTCs in bone marrow is conditioned by excess of adipocites in tumor microenvironment of patients with gastric cancer and obesity. Results: There was not found the associations between availability of DTCs in BM as well CXCR4positive cells in tumor and body mass index (BMI) but incidence of DTC in BM was associated with high density of cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) as well with high number of CXCR4-positive cells in tumor of patients with BMI<25 and BMI>25<30 but it was not true for patients with BMI>30 where frequency of DTCs finding in BM was significantly decreased and that was statistically significant. Overall survival of patients with obesity was significantly longer (P=0.0270) than that of the patients with BMI<30. Conclusion: In patients with BMI>30 high density of CAAs and high number of CXCR4-positive cells in tumor may create specific tumor microenvironment that prevent tumor cells to leave primary lesion. OS of patients with gastric cancer is mainly influenced by CAAs density in tumors and such influence depends essentially on the BMI.

Author(s) Details

Larissa Bubnovskaya
R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasilkovskaya Str. 45, Kiev-03022, Ukraine.

Dr. Irina Ganusevich,
Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasilkovskaya Str. 45, Kiev-03022, Ukraine.

Sergej Merentsev
City Clinical Oncological Center, Verchovynna Str.69, Kiev-03115, Ukraine.

Dr. Dmitry Osinsky
City Clinical Oncological Center, Verchovynna Str.69, Kiev-03115, Ukraine.  

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/178