Cannabis Use in Adolescents and Its Link to Psychopathology: A Case Report from Fatick, Senegal | Chapter 10 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 2

Drug addiction, cannabis, psychopathological disorders, taking into care, SenegalBackground: The increasing consumption of cannabis among young people in Senegal is a real problem of public health. Despite the progressive increase of drug use or drug addiction particularly with cannabis in young people, knowledge is limited about their consequences on mental health in adulthood. In Fatick (Senegal), the mental health hospital “Dalal Xel” receives many young people who present psychiatric troubles necessitating hospitalisation. Frequently, their history reveals the use or abuse of cannabis joined sometimes with other drugs.

Methods: From a study concerning the period going from 2010 January to 2013 December, the authors attempt to define the rate of cannabis users in the study’s population. The study concerned all the patients’ files consulted in the mental health hospital “Dalal Xel” of Fatick. Next, they seek to describe their social and familial characteristics and the modality of cannabis use. Finally, they attempt to make correlations between the use of cannabis and diagnostics delivered by doctors. Two cases are shortly described.

Results: During the study period, 9.13% of patients who received reported personal cannabis use. The middle delay between the first use of cannabis and the first apparition of psychiatric troubles is 4 years and 8 months. The diagnostic of acute delirious episodes (BDA in French) is frequently evocated about a first episode or recidivism. Evolution respects the classic report of 1/3 (good, bad and indeterminate. Schizophrenia is also evocated in non-negligible proportion, particularly in early and prolonged use of cannabis. Two clinical illustrations are added.

Conclusion: Psychopathological disorders are frequent among adolescents and young adults who are hospitalised in the psychiatric hospital of Fatick. The use of cannabis in the long term seems to provide particular psychosis. Our recent experience in the care of many cases reinforces our particular consideration of psychopathological and clinical aspects not being absorbed by the influence of addiction. The study recommends implementing the involvement of multidisciplinary teams, combining both health and social approaches, to effectively prevent substance abuse in young teenagers.

 

Author (s) Details

Lamine Fall
Department of Psychiatry, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Senegal.

 

Ndeye Awa Der Dieye
Department of Psychiatry, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Senegal.

 

Ousmane Sy
Mental Health Hospital 'Dalal Xel' of Fatick, Senegal.

 

Maimouna Dieye
Service of Psychiatry, National and Academic Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Ndeye Dialé Ndiaye
Service of Psychiatry, National and Academic Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Aïda Sylla
Service of Psychiatry, National and Academic Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v2/4050

Establishing a Model Cancer Registry in Senegal: A Blueprint for Developing Nations | Chapter 10 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 4

 

Background and Objectives: Senegal, with the support of WHO, had begun the establishment of a National Cancer Registry in 2009, although it had been at a standstill since 1969; the objective of this work was to test the reliability of data collection tools and feasibility stages necessary for the validation of media before the establishment of a national cancer registry.

Methodology: We conducted a non-exhaustive preliminary study over a period of three months from the first of January to 31 March 2010 at four major hospitals in Dakar at the time. Patients’ records were used as our source of information, data collection was done using a pre-established patient form, and data processing and validation were done using Wed-Dev software.

Results: Two hundred and eighty-nine cases had been identified: 44% of men (n = 127) and 56% of women (n = 162) with a sex ratio of 0.8. The ages ranged from 20 to 90 years with an average of 50 years. The main diagnostic mode was essentially histological, with 76% of cases (n = 219). The most frequent locations were: ORL (ENT meaning Ear, Nose and Throat) with 25% of cases, liver 7% and bronchopulmonary with 4.5% of cases. In men, liver cancer was the most common location and in women for cervical cancer with 16%. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type with 68% of cases followed by adenocarcinoma with 22% of cases. Thirty-eight percent of patients were classified as stage III and IV. A quarter of our patients had received palliative treatment. In contrast, 15 (15%) had received chemotherapy and 4% had received radiotherapy. Data collection was satisfactory.

Conclusion: Cancer is a reality in Senegal but it remains underdiagnosed. The materials made it possible to make the cancer registry effective throughout the country. The recommendations enabled the extension of registration in hospitals throughout the country and started an effective cancer registry in Senegal.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Salif Baldé
Joliot Curie Institute, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Sokhna Diop Niang
Department of Internal Medicine, Dalal Jamm Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Oumar Ba
Department of Internal Medicine, Idrissa Pouye Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Mamadou Diop
Joliot Curie Institute, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v4/98

Sexual Abuse against Female Gender: Four-years Report of Three Reception Centers in Dakar | Chapter 8 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

 Establishing the epidemiological profile of sexual abuse was the goal of this investigation. Sexual abuse is a public health problem because of its magnitude, its severity on the victims and their vulnerability linked to human behavior. The study had two parts and spanned four years (2009–2012). One, quantitative, was based on the use of all victim records from three reception centers. The other, qualitative, focused on interviews of professionals involved in the care of victims.

There were 78 cases in total. The victims, with 14(±7) years on average age, were mostly educated in French (72%), from Dakar area (85%), students (61%), under parental supervision (55.1%), and less than 4 siblings (59%). The alleged perpetrators, whose average age is 29 (±11) years, were predominantly acquaintances (51%), parents (36%) for the victims, and of unspecified profession (69.23%). The sexual abuse, incestuous in 18% of cases, was more frequently linked to rape (68%) committed at the alleged perpetrators’ (37.2%) and followed by behavioural disorder (47%), pregnancy (15%), alcoholism and/or running away (12%). According to professionals, the victims are typically minors from disadvantaged areas. The victim's post-traumatic treatment is delayed as a result of the victim's judicial concern, which is often the first reaction of parents.  The management should focus on socio-economic development; Information, education and communication, favour prevention and accessibility of functional structures with competent and motivated professionals, facilitate the treatment of residual cases.

Author(s) Details:

K. Niang,
Public Health and Social Medicine, Gaston Berger University (UGB), Saint-Louis, Senegal.

A. Gueye,
Nutrition and Environment, Division of School Canteens, Ministry of Education, Dakar, Senegal.

P. Ndiaye,
Public Health and Social Medicine, Gaston Berger University (UGB), Saint-Louis, Senegal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V2/article/view/9959

Malaria in Children in Guediawaye, Senegal: A Retrospective Study | Chapter 4 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 Despite Senegal's efforts, malaria remains one of the leading causes of infant and child mortality. In Senegal, the epidemiological profile of malaria is linked to climatic conditions that can influence mosquito abundance and survival. The goal of this research is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of malaria in children in a pediatric ward at a Dakar hospital. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study with an analytical focus that took place in the pediatrics department of Roi Baudouin Hospital Center from January 1st, 2013 to December 31st, 2017, involving 259 children hospitalized for malaria. The frequency of hospitalization was estimated to be 7.7 percent during the period. The mean age was 82.9 months, with a median of 84 months, and the age range from one month to five years was the most representative (35.9 percent), with extremes ranging from one to 180 months. The majority of cases occurred in the fourth quarter of the year, with a high point in October (19.7 percent ). The most common clinical manifestation on admission was fever, which was found in 93.1 percent of cases. greater than On entry, 30.9 percent of the children displayed clinical signs of severity, with jaundice (37.5 percent ) leading the way, followed by disturbances of consciousness (29.0 percent ) and respiratory distress (29.0 percent ). (19.0 percent ). The majority of patients (80.3 percent) were treated with quinine, and overall progress was satisfactory, with a cure rate of 97.7 percent. A time to management of more than 7 days and the presence of co-infections were factors associated with death, with p values of 0.002 and 0.04 respectively.

Author (S) Details

Dr. A. Noubadoum
Department of Clinical Friendship, Dakar, Senegal.

J. B. Diouf
Department of Pediatrics, Roi Baudouin Hospital Center of Guediawaye, Dakar, Senegal.

N. M. Sougou
Departement of Public Health, Institute of Health and Development (ISED), Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.

P. Adomson
Departement of Medical and Social Centre, Barthimee, Thies, Senegal.


View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V4/article/view/1687

A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Near-Road Exposure to Air Pollution and Allergic Rhinitis among Vendors in Dakar, Senegal | Chapter 6 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 Introduction: One of the most common causes of allergic rhinitis is the work environment. The majority of vendors in Dakar operate in areas close to heavily travelled highways, exposing them to higher levels of pollution. In this analysis, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and its risk factors were calculated in these vendors.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among vendors in the HLM, Medina, and Petersen neighbourhoods of Dakar, Senegal, using a standardised questionnaire. A total of 200 vendors were contacted for interviews. In the absence of a respiratory infection, the symptoms of allergic rhinitis were characterised as rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and sneezing. The relationship between socio-demographic features, occupational influences, and allergic rhinitis was investigated using a logistic regression analysis.

Vendors have an incidence of allergic rhinitis of 43%, according to the study's findings. Age [OR: 3.28 (1.02 - 10.51)], working environment [OR: 8.31 (2.39 - 28.95)], exposure to multiple sources of pollutants [OR: 4.08 (1.43 - 11.63)], and persistent cold [OR: 4.39 (1.15 - 16.85) were the independent variables associated with allergic rhinitis in these vendors, according to multivariate analysis.

Conclusion: Vendors in Dakar had a high prevalence of allergic rhinitis. More and more people are being subjected to high levels of air pollution as a result of the rapid and persistent urbanisation process. Our findings indicate that exposure to air pollution at work can cause allergic rhinitis in vendors.

Author (s) Details

Fatou K. Sylla
Institute of Health and Development—Public Health and Preventive Medecine, Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal.

Adama Faye
Institute of Health and Development—Public Health and Preventive Medecine, Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V8/article/view/823