Cannabis Use in Adolescents and Its Link to Psychopathology: A Case Report from Fatick, Senegal | Chapter 10 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 2

Drug addiction, cannabis, psychopathological disorders, taking into care, SenegalBackground: The increasing consumption of cannabis among young people in Senegal is a real problem of public health. Despite the progressive increase of drug use or drug addiction particularly with cannabis in young people, knowledge is limited about their consequences on mental health in adulthood. In Fatick (Senegal), the mental health hospital “Dalal Xel” receives many young people who present psychiatric troubles necessitating hospitalisation. Frequently, their history reveals the use or abuse of cannabis joined sometimes with other drugs.

Methods: From a study concerning the period going from 2010 January to 2013 December, the authors attempt to define the rate of cannabis users in the study’s population. The study concerned all the patients’ files consulted in the mental health hospital “Dalal Xel” of Fatick. Next, they seek to describe their social and familial characteristics and the modality of cannabis use. Finally, they attempt to make correlations between the use of cannabis and diagnostics delivered by doctors. Two cases are shortly described.

Results: During the study period, 9.13% of patients who received reported personal cannabis use. The middle delay between the first use of cannabis and the first apparition of psychiatric troubles is 4 years and 8 months. The diagnostic of acute delirious episodes (BDA in French) is frequently evocated about a first episode or recidivism. Evolution respects the classic report of 1/3 (good, bad and indeterminate. Schizophrenia is also evocated in non-negligible proportion, particularly in early and prolonged use of cannabis. Two clinical illustrations are added.

Conclusion: Psychopathological disorders are frequent among adolescents and young adults who are hospitalised in the psychiatric hospital of Fatick. The use of cannabis in the long term seems to provide particular psychosis. Our recent experience in the care of many cases reinforces our particular consideration of psychopathological and clinical aspects not being absorbed by the influence of addiction. The study recommends implementing the involvement of multidisciplinary teams, combining both health and social approaches, to effectively prevent substance abuse in young teenagers.

 

Author (s) Details

Lamine Fall
Department of Psychiatry, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Senegal.

 

Ndeye Awa Der Dieye
Department of Psychiatry, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Senegal.

 

Ousmane Sy
Mental Health Hospital 'Dalal Xel' of Fatick, Senegal.

 

Maimouna Dieye
Service of Psychiatry, National and Academic Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Ndeye Dialé Ndiaye
Service of Psychiatry, National and Academic Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Aïda Sylla
Service of Psychiatry, National and Academic Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v2/4050

Impact of Medicinal Cannabis as an Adjunct to Conventional Therapy in Diabetic Neuropathy | Chapter 6 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 3

Background: Diabetes mellitus is increasing in prevalence in the Western world. Its estimated prevalence currently is about 30 percent of diabetic people making it the most common complication of diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy is unfortunately the most common complication associated with a common malady increasing in prevalence by 5% a year. None of the disease-modifying drugs that have been designed to target multiple metabolic pathways has proven effective. Thus, the treatment currently is mostly symptomatic. The current study assessed the ability of cannabis added to maximal conventional therapy to ameliorate diabetic neuropathy symptoms.

Methods: At screening, patients were assessed for the possibility of being treated by receiving cannabis therapy (CT, smoking, 20 grams per month) provided that they have completed a period of at least 12 months of optimal conventional treatment including at least one narcotic agent and at least one of following analgesic treatments: tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline and nortriptyline), anticonvulsants (gabapentin and pregabalin), and Serotonin- Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) (duloxetine and venlafaxine). Patients suitable for CT were treated for at least 3 months more with alpha lipoic acid 600 mg, vitamin B complex, duloxetine 30 mg and tramadol 100 mg up to thrice a day. If after 3 months of treatment, the patients were still in pain (BPI pain severity higher than 7) cannabis therapy was begun. Patients were followed up every 6 months for up to one year. The following Patient Reported Outcome scores (PROs) were collected: VAS pain intensity, VAS pain severity, BPI pain severity, BPI pain interference and SF12.

Results: In this study, 89 patients were screened. Out of 89, 15 improved after 3 months of maximal conventional therapy and thus did not meet the inclusion criteria of minimal pain severity. 74 patients began cannabis therapy and results are available after 6 months for 73 of them and 70 patients were followed up to 12 months. 4/74 patients stopped CT (1/74 due to ileus, 3/74 due to pain resolution). BPI pain severity decreased from 9.4±0.8 to 4.3±1.7 at six months, while pain interference decreased from 8.6±1.1 to 3.7±1.6. SF12v2 Physical Compounded Score (PCS) changed from 34±8 to 46±8 at 6M.

Conclusions: The addition of CT leads to substantial pain reduction accompanied by a decrease in HbA1C while quality of life questionnaire scores improved. The mechanism leading to improved diabetic control is not known at this time and requires further study. Further clinical research is necessary in order to define whether long-term MCT will lead to improved nerve function, as the time frame of this study is too short to allow nerve regeneration.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Mustafa Yassin
Department of Orthopedics, Hasharon Hospital and Tel Aviv University, Israel.

Dror Robinson
Department of Orthopedics, Hasharon Hospital and Tel Aviv University, Israel.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v3/3957

Cardiovascular Complication Induced by Cannabis Smoking: A Case Report | Chapter 10 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 This branch present the first case of marijuana-induced spontaneous concurrent double coronary and carotid postmortem. The growing popularity of healing and recreational devouring of cannabis, especially with the youth, raises next concerns regarding its security and long-terms belongings. The cardiovascular effects of cannabis are not famous. Cannabis consumption has existed shown to cause arrhythmia including ventricular heart attack, and potentially unexplained death, and to increase the risk of myocardial infarction. Although attention has met on its neuropsychiatric belongings, little has been given to cardiovascular aftereffects.Nevertheless, there are various case reports of vascular complications following cannabis use even in young crowd without cardiovascular risk determinants. We describe the first instance of a cannabis consumer visiting the emergency room accompanying an ischemic stroke coupled with an acute heart failure syndrome provoked by a spontaneous simultaneous double critique of the carotid artery and the abandoned anterior descending channel, with a profitable outcome under medical care, in an work to raise public awareness, specifically among young people, about the cardiovascular risks guide cannabis use.  This case shows the criticalness of complications due to the marijuana consumption, therefore the need to limit or even prohibit its devouring. Given the legalisation of cannabis habit for recreational and medical purposes, that is spreading during the whole of many nations, a rise in such cases search out be anticipated.

Author(s) Details:

Hassen Ibn Hadj Amor,
Cardiology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, University of Monastir, Mahdia, 5100, Tunisia.

Imen Touil,
Pneumology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, University of Monastir, Mahdia, 5100, Tunisia.

Seif Boukriba,
Radiology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 1007, Tunisia.

Skander Bouchnak,
Cardiology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, University of Monastir, Mahdia, 5100, Tunisia.

Salma Kraiem,
Cardiology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, University of Monastir, Mahdia, 5100, Tunisia.

Ramzi Rouabhia,
Cardiology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, University of Monastir, Mahdia, 5100, Tunisia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V6/article/view/11482