A Comprehensive Overview of Cyclodextrins Catalyzed Diels-Alder Reactions | Chapter 3 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 2

Diels-Alder (DA) reactions typically yield heterocyclic six-membered ring compounds via a [4π+2π] cycloaddition of a diene (such as furan or cyclopentadiene) and a dienophile. The choice of solvent and catalyst is critical in affecting the yield and stereoselectivity of the reaction. Cyclodextrins, particularly beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and its derivatives, are commonly used as catalysts in aqueous medium due to their ability to form a favorable ternary complex with both the diene and dienophile. As a result, this paper summarizes several experimental studies on the catalytic effects of CDs on DA reactions, with an emphasis on yields, reaction durations, quantities, and selectivity. The first phase, reported by Ronald Breslow and colleagues in 1980, looked at the effect of inner cavity size on catalytic and inhibitory effects on DA processes. The following phase investigated the effect of cyclodextrin catalysts on endo- and stereoselectivity. Numerous studies have examined the potential of β-CD's interior size, derivatives, amounts, organic and aqueous media, and compatibility with the two reagents. In contrast, some research has concentrated on employing cyclodextrins as catalysts in Diels-Alder processes to generate large yields of bioactive chemicals and polymer synthesis under mild conditions, generally in aqueous solutions.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Amine Ez-zoubi
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco.

 

Soukaina Benkirane
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco.

 

Ayoub El-Mrabet
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco.

 

Mouad Mouhsin
Laboratory of Engineering in Chemistry and Physics of Matter, Faculty of Science and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, Beni Mellal, Morocco.

 

Riham Sghyar
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco and Equipe de Chimie Organique Appliquée à la valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Protection de l’Environnement, Laboratoire de Chimie et Microbiologie Appliquées et Biotechnologies, FS, Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan, Morocco.

 

Abdellatif Alami
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco.

 

Chandrakant Sarode
Department of Chemistry, Bhusawal Arts, Science and P.O. Nahata Commerce College, Bhusawal, affiliated to KBC North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, India.

 

Gaurav Gupta
Department of Chemistry, NTVS’s G.T.P. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Nandurbar, affiliated to KBC-North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, India.

 

Abdellah Farah
Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Route d’Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v2/4904

Recent Advances in Solubility Enhancement Techniques for Poorly Soluble Drugs | Chapter 8 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 10

This review discusses the recent advances in solubility enhancement techniques aimed at improving the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The key techniques include particle size reduction, nanosuspensions, and cryogenic approaches. Particle size reduction, through processes such as micronization and high-pressure homogenization, increases the drug surface area and enhances dissolution rates. Nanosuspensions, with particle sizes in the nanometer range, improve solubility by increasing surface energy and preventing drug aggregation. Cryogenic techniques such as spray freezing and ultra-rapid freezing enable the formation of amorphous or nanostructured drug particles, further promoting solubility. These techniques play a crucial role in overcoming formulation challenges, particularly for Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II and IV drugs, ultimately leading to improved bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Sanagarapu Nageswarrao
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Anurag Pharmacy College (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad), Kodad, Telangana, India.

 

Jagadish Lakamalla
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Anurag Pharmacy College (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad), Kodad, Telangana, India.

 

M. Chinna Eswaraiah
Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad), Kodad, Telangana, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v10/3398

Study about Encapsulation of Vitamin C into β‐Cyclodextrin: An Approach towards Advancement and Regulatory Release | Chapter 9 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 7

 By using dependable spectroscopic, physicochemical, and calorimetric approaches, the host-guest inclusion complexes of -cyclodextrin with two vitamins, nicotinic acid and ascorbic acid, in aqueous medium, have been investigated as a stabiliser, carrier, and regulatory releaser of the guest molecules. To demonstrate the host-guest assembly's 1:1 stoichiometry, job plots were created using UV-visible spectroscopy. The stereo-chemical structure of the inclusion complexes has been revealed using 2D NMR spectroscopy. The inclusion procedure is further strengthened by studies on conductivity and surface tension. Association constants for the vitamin-CD inclusion complexes have been determined using the van't Hoff equation and UV-visible spectroscopy. Then, using the Benesi-Hildebrand technique and a non-linear programme, thermodynamic parameters have been derived. Isothermal titration is used to measure the stoichiometry, association constant, and thermodynamic properties with accuracy. Isothermal titration calorimetric studies have been conducted in order to precisely quantify the stoichiometry, association constant, and thermodynamic properties. The results show a decrease in SO, which is offset by a greater negative value of HO, making the inclusion process as a whole thermodynamically advantageous. Based on their chemical structures, it has been determined that ascorbic acid has a greater association constant than nicotinic acid.

Author(s) Details:

Subhadeep Saha,
Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India.

Sanjoy Barman,
Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India.

Debadrita Roy,
Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India.

Anupam Dutta,
Department of Chemistry, Alipurduar University, Alipurduar-736122, India.

Debabrata Biswas,
Department of Chemistry, Alipurduar University, Alipurduar-736122, India.

Kanak Roy,
Department of Chemistry, Alipurduar University, Alipurduar-736122, India.

Vikas Kumar Dakua,
Department of Chemistry, Alipurduar University, Alipurduar-736122, India.

Shatarupa Basak,
Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India.

Koushik Baul,
Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India.

Mahendra Nath Roy,
Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V7/article/view/8049

Studies on Some Substituted-4-thiazolidinone with and without Inclusion Complex Formation with β-cyclodextrin | Chapter 10 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 6

 By taking 2-hydrazinobenzothizole as a staring substance, three compounds of 2-(benzothiazolyl-2')hyrazino-5-arylidene-4-thiazolidinone derivative are prepared. But, both less aqueous soluble and biologically accessible are shown by the prepared compounds. Its inclusion complex is therefore prepared with β-cyclodextrin with an acceptable ratio after phase solubility studies to eradicate the problem. The experiment's objectives are to make the compound more biologically available and to increase its solubility. In addition to their spectral properties, the synthesised compounds and their respective inclusion complexes are analysed in terms of their thermodynamic properties (UV, IR and NMR). By taking the bacteria E, the antibacterial activity of the compounds and inclusions was screened. Uh, coli, S. P. vulgaris and aureus. Studies have shown that the development of the inclusion complex results in greater antibacterial activity than the original compounds.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Simanchal Dash
Department of Chemistry, Roland Institute of Technology, Berhampur, Odisha, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/355