Recent Advances in Solubility Enhancement Techniques for Poorly Soluble Drugs | Chapter 8 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 10

This review discusses the recent advances in solubility enhancement techniques aimed at improving the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The key techniques include particle size reduction, nanosuspensions, and cryogenic approaches. Particle size reduction, through processes such as micronization and high-pressure homogenization, increases the drug surface area and enhances dissolution rates. Nanosuspensions, with particle sizes in the nanometer range, improve solubility by increasing surface energy and preventing drug aggregation. Cryogenic techniques such as spray freezing and ultra-rapid freezing enable the formation of amorphous or nanostructured drug particles, further promoting solubility. These techniques play a crucial role in overcoming formulation challenges, particularly for Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II and IV drugs, ultimately leading to improved bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Sanagarapu Nageswarrao
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Anurag Pharmacy College (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad), Kodad, Telangana, India.

 

Jagadish Lakamalla
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Anurag Pharmacy College (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad), Kodad, Telangana, India.

 

M. Chinna Eswaraiah
Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad), Kodad, Telangana, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v10/3398

Study on Preparation of Various Morphologies of ZnO Nanostructure through Wet Chemical Method | Chapter 9 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol.7

 Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowders are synthesised using a hydrothermal technique and a solution reaction method. The generated products had one of four possible morphologies depending on the precursors and preparation conditions: nanoparticle, microrod, nanoplate, or nanotube. In this paper, we present the results of our inquiry into the preparation of ZnO nanostructures using a template-free aqueous solution-based simple chemical approach. The precursor for ZnO nanostructures was zinc nitrate hexahydrate Zn(NO3)2.6H2O. A hydrothermal technique was used to make ZnO microrods and nanoplates utilising Zn(NO3)2 and KOH as reaction ingredients. A chemical reaction between Zn(NO3)2 and NH4OH produced ZnO nanotubes. ZnO nanoparticles were made from zinc nitrate and ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 in aqueous solution using the precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to analyse the structures, morphology, and element components of these ZnO products manufactured using the aforementioned approaches (EDS). As-prepared ZnO nanoparticles have an average diameter of 30-60 nm; rod-like ZnO has an average diameter of about 350 nm and a length of 3.5 mm; plate-like ZnO has an average thickness of about 40 nm and a lateral size of 200'400 nm; and ZnO nanotubes have an outer diameter of about 400 nm and an inner diameter of about 300 nm and a length of about 4 mm According to the XRD data, all four morphologies of ZnO have a wurtzite structure. The wet chemical method is shown to be extremely promising for producing ZnO nanocrystallines with a variety of morphologies. Our research contributes to the field of ZnO nanostructures research, and it can be utilised to investigate possible applications in gas sensors, photocatalysts, SERS substrates, and optoelectronic devices.

Author(s) Details:

Nguyen Dac Dien,
Vietnam Trade Union University, 169 Tay Son Street, Dong Da District, Ha Noi City, Viet Nam.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V7/article/view/6102