Development of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs) Field-Effect Transistors via Reconfigurable Ion Gating with BMIM-BF4 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate) | Chapter 3 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

 

MoTe2 (molybdenum ditelluride) is a two-dimensional material that has gained significant interest in the field of electronics because of its unique electronic properties. 2H MoTe2 (molybdenum ditelluride) has generated significant interest because of its superconducting, nonvolatile memory, and semiconducting of new materials, and it has a large range of electrical properties. The combination of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and two-dimensional (2D) materials like hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in lateral heterostructures offers a unique platform for designing and engineering novel electronic devices. We report the fabrication of highly conductive interfaces in crystalline ionic liquid-gated (ILG) field-effect transistors (FETs) consisting of a few layers of MoTe2/h-BN heterojunctions. An optical microscope was used to characterize the structural morphology and three-dimensional schematics of the transistor, including the thickness of the MoTe2 and h-BN thin films. In our initial exploration of tellurium-based semiconducting TMDs, we directed our attention to MoTe2 crystals with thicknesses exceeding 12 nm. Our primary focus centered on investigating the transport characteristics and quantitatively assessing the surface interface heterostructure. Our transconductance (gm) measurements indicate that the very efficient carrier modulation with an ILG FET is two times larger than standard back gating, and it demonstrates the unipolarity of the device. The ILG FET exhibited highly unipolar p-type behavior with a high on/off ratio, and it significantly increased the mobility in MoTe2/h-BN hetero-channels, achieving improvement as one of the highest recorded mobility increments. Specifically, we observed hole and electron mobility values ranging from 345 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 285 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 80 K. We predict that our ability to observe the intrinsic, heterointerface conduction in the channels was due to a drastic reduction of the Schottky barriers, and electrostatic gating is suggested as a method for controlling the phase transitions in the few layers of TMDC FETs. Moreover, the simultaneous structural phase transitions throughout the sample, achieved through electrostatic doping control, present new opportunities for developing phase change devices using atomically thin membranes.

Author(s) Details:

Kamoladdin Saidov,
Department of Electronics and Radio Engineering, Tashkent University of Information Technologies, Tashkent 100200, Uzbekistan and Department of Information Technologies, Tashkent International University of Education, Tashkent 100207, Uzbekistan.

Gurdial Blugan
Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.

 

Olim Ruzimuradov
Department of Natural and Mathematic Sciences, Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, Tashkent 100095, Uzbekistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V9/article/view/14334

Optimization of Wear Behavior in Al-6061-B4C Composites Using Taguchi Technique and Response Surface Analysis | Chapter 2 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

 

Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) have been widely investigated and used in automobile and aerospace industries due to their advantages of improved strength, stiffness and increased wear resistance over monolithic alloys. Also considering limited reports on the study of weight % influence on wear characteristics of Al-6061-Boron Carbide (B4Cp) composites. This study presents the effect of weight % of B4Cp in Al-6061 alloy matrix on wear loss during dry sliding wear in pin-on-disc tribometer at different wear parameters against oil-hardened non-shrinking (OHNS) steel disk at room temperature. The composites are prepared by the stir casting technique. Taguchi is a statistical tool for acquiring data in a controlled way and is used to analyze the influence of process variables through the design of experimentation. Tribological investigations were examined according to the L9 orthogonal array of Taguchi. The influence of % of reinforcement along with load, speed and distance were examined for the wear loss of composites. The results, analysed using Taguchi and Response Surface Method to understand the significance of considered parameters (percentage of reinforcement, speed, time and load) on wear loss, revealed increased wear resistance of composite with increasing B4C particles. The observed results have been explained based on the microstructural behaviour and response surface of wear-tested composites. The study concludes that it is possible to prepare Al 6061-B4C composites using the stir casting technique, which exhibits improved hardness, wear resistance, and tensile strength with increasing reinforcement content.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. B. Manjunatha,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Institute of Technology, Soldevanahalli, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Bangalore-560090, India.

 

Dr. H. B. Niranjan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sambhram Institute of Technology, Lakshmipura Cross, MS Palya, Jalahalli East, Bangalore-560097, India.

 

Dr. S. Raghavendra
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sai Vidya Institute of Technology, Bangalore-560 064, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V9/article/view/14333

Exploring the Synthesis, Isolation, and Characterization of a Derivative of (Pyrazol-4-yl)acetic Acid within the Framework of Chemical Investigation | Chapter 6 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

 

The present investigation is related to the construction of novel 3-(3-bromophenyl)-2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acrylic acid by reacting methyl 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate with 3-bromophenyl aldehyde. The hydrazone prepared from acetophenone and phenyl hydrazine was subjected to the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent and after the usual workup, 4-formyl pyrazole was obtained. The 4-formylpyrazole was further converted into methyl pyrazole-4-carboxylate via various intermediates such as (1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methanol, 4-(chloromethyl)-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole, and 2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acetonitrile. The methyl 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate is a key scaffold that was further used for Knoevenagel condensation with substituted aldehydes to get the (pyrazol-4-yl)acetic acid derivatives. All intermediates and the final target were characterized by their spectral data.

Author(s) Details:

Karan Singh,
Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari-122502, Haryana, India.

Harshita Phougat
Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari-122502, Haryana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V9/article/view/14337

The Effect of Symmetry on Some Ferrotoroidial Properties of Quasicrystals| Chapter 1 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

 

In this work, the effect of symmetry on some ferrotoroidial properties of quasi-crystals with 5-fold, 8-fold, 10-fold and 12-fold symmetries using group theoretical methods are dealt with. The number of independent constants is calculated and tabulated which helps in describing the ferrotoroidial properties of the quasi-crystals. Like crystals, quasi-crystals are ordered structures in which continuous translational and rotational symmetries are broken.  In both cases, there remains a discrete set of transformations invariant.  The symmetries and group theory is of greatest importance to scientists who want to reveal the characteristic features of physical properties of quasi-crystals just from their symmetries but not from the details of atomic and inter-atomic interaction.  This chapter gives a brief account of group theoretical methods of studying the effect of symmetry of some ferrotoroidial properties of quasi-crystals with 5-fold, 8-fold, 10-fold and 12-fold symmetries and the number of independent constants required to describe the ferrotoroidial properties of quasi-crystals.

Author(s) Details:

G. Sireesha,
Department of Mathematics, VNR, Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V9/article/view/14332

Nano-Crystalline Tricalcium Silicate Bio-cement: Fabrication, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity| Chapter 7 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 9

 

The synthesis of tricalcium silicate phases in nanoscale particles was achieved by two distinct techniques: the solid-state reaction and the sol-gel approach. The solid-state procedure depends on the direct firing of a mixture of molar ratios of ultra-pure calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide at around 1500°C, whereas the sol-gel method is dependent on when calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and tetraethyl orthosilicate combine at pH = 4.5, a C3S gel is created. An investigation was conducted to compare the two produced powders using various techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pH values, calcium ion concentration, micro-hardness test, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The agar diffusion method is used to assess the antibacterial activity of free-released Ca2+ ions. The results show that compared to the sample made using a solid-state process, the C3S powder synthesized using the sol-gel approach has higher chemical reactivity with an increasing rate of hydration reaction. The sol-gel sample has a higher pH and calcium ion concentration, a more alkaline hydration medium, improved hardness values, and a faster setting time. The test sol-gel sample's higher influence from Ca ions generated throughout the hydration process allowed it to demonstrate substantially better antibacterial activity.

Author(s) Details:

Ass. Prof. H. K. Abd El-Hamid,
Department of Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V9/article/view/14338

Berberis aristata: An Endangered High Value Medicinal Shrub of Western Himalayas in Peril | Chapter 1 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 Berberis aristata DC. commonly known as “Daru haldhi and Chitra” is a spinous shrub native to the northern Himalayan region. The plant is widely distributed from the Himalayas to Srilanka, Bhutan and Jammu and Kashmir. It is mainly propagated through seeds, self-sown in nature. Propagation through cuttings has also been reported. Berberis aristata has been used in Ayurvedic medicines for a long time. The plant is used traditionally in inflammation, wound healing, skin disease, jaundice and infection of the eyes. The berries are edible and rich in vitamin C. A highly valuable Ayurvedic preparation ‘Rasaut’ is prepared from the root of the plant and is used in curing human ailments like ophthalmic, ulcers as a laxative, tonic and blood purifier. High demand for local usage as well as for pharmaceuticals creates serious pressure on the plant which already categorized the plant as an “endangered” species per (IUCN) criteria.  Phytochemical studies show that the plant B. aristata contains mainly yellow colored Berberine, oxyberberine, berbamine, aromoline and palmatine. The plant has effective pharmacological action and shows a promising future for further researchers.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. A. R. Malik,
Division of Forest Products & Utilization, India.

Nisha Tariq
Division of Forest Products & Utilization, India.

Dr. P. A. Sofi
Division of Forest Products & Utilization, India.

Dr. Amerjeet Singh
Division of Forest Products & Utilization, India.

Dr. Ishtiyak Ahmad Peerzada
Division of Forest Products & Utilization, India.

Dr. Tahir Mushtaq
Division of Forest Products & Utilization, India.

Dr. N. A. Pala
Division of Silviculture & Agroforestry, Faculty of Forestry, Benhama Ganderbal 191201. Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shalimar Srinagar Kashmir, India.

Dr. J. S. Butola
Department of Forestry & NR, HNBG University Srinagar, U.K., India.
Bilkees Ayoob
Division of Forest Products & Utilization, India.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V9/article/view/14360

The Principles and Practices of Green Chemistry | Chapter 10 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 

Aims: This study was focused on the assessment and performance of traditional TB diagnosis methods and new innovative nanotech-assisted TB methods. The main aim of this study is to undertake the use of magnetic nanoparticles for TB detection.

Study Design: A total of 400 pulmonary sputum samples of suspected TB patients were selected for this study out of these 30% (120) were selected for comparative study. Cross-sectional studies were conducted on clinical and radiological suspected TB patients.

Place and Duration of Study: A total of one hundred and twenty clinically suspected TB patients were selected from D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Institute Kolhapur, for a cross-sectional study in the month of August 2016 to January 2017. Samples were processed for diagnosis of TB by ZN stain, culture on L.J. medium and real-time PCR tests.

Methodology: Selection of patient.

Inclusion criteria include clinically diagnosed and radiologically documented new cases of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis of any gender and age group or untreated MTB cases and patients with anti-tuberculosis drug therapy in the past 6 months. Exclusion criteria include patients with anti-TB therapy or its constituent drugs in the past 3 months.

The control group was also studied from the patients who had diagnoses other than pulmonary tuberculosis.

Results: In our present study, 60.83% (73) of patients were male and 39.17 % (47) were female patients, showing a borderline male prevalence found in our study. Eighteen percent of patients were found to be in the age group (21-30 years) and are mostly affected by pulmonary tuberculosis. MNPs method 99.66% was found to be significant (P < 0.0001**).

Conclusion: In the present study the MNP-DNA extraction techniques with NALC followed by IS6110 target amplification were found superior for diagnosis of TB. The MNP-assisted extraction method showed better results.

Author(s) Details:

Shivkant Patel
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), At & Po. Piparia, Ta. Waghodia-391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Dillip Kumar Dash
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), At & Po. Piparia, Ta. Waghodia-391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Dipti Gohil
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), At & Po. Piparia, Ta. Waghodia-391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.


Ashim Kumar Sen
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), At & Po. Piparia, Ta. Waghodia-391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Dhanya B. Sen
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), At & Po. Piparia, Ta. Waghodia-391760, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.



Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V9/article/view/14369