An Overview on Biofuels: Advantages and Disadvantages | Chapter 6 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 7

From the viewpoint of biofuels, the pressing issue of climate change highlights the importance of transitioning away from fossil fuels. The combustion of fossil fuels is a major driver of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which significantly contribute to global warming. In this context, biofuels appear as a promising substitute, capable of meeting energy demands while helping to lessen air pollution. As fossil fuel assets become increasingly exhausted, the need to adopt biofuels grows more urgent. They offer a sustainable solution derived from renewable biomass sources—such as wood, vegetable oils, agricultural residues, municipal waste, animal waste, and aquatic plants. This diverse range of feedstocks permits flexibility and resilience in energy production.

However, it is essential to diagnose that rising demand for biofuels can create challenges, particularly regarding agricultural land and food prices. Balancing biofuel production with food safety is critical to confirm that the transition does not negatively impact global food systems.

This review explores various types of biofuels, including biodiesel, and provides a comparative analysis of their production methods, applications, and environmental impacts. By highlighting these features, we can better understand the role of biofuels in generating a sustainable energy future.

 

Author (s) Details

Nilam Sing
Department of Chemistry, Vivekananda Mahavidhyalaya, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.

 

Kalachand Mahali
Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani- 741235, India.

 

Sanjay Roy
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Netaji Subhas Open University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v7/2778

Combustion Characteristics of a Semi-Adiabatic Diesel Engine with Plastic Oil with Supercharging | Chapter 8 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 1

 Plastic waste cannot biodegrade. It poses health risks to both people and livestock. Researchers discovered that it has natural carcinogenic properties. Oil made from plastic can be used in internal combustion engines. The need for alternative fuels has become urgent given the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, the continuous rise in pollution caused by fossil fuels, and the rising cost of importing crude oil, which could have been invested in other crucial areas like agriculture, health, and poverty alleviation. Due to their renewable nature, vegetable oils and alcohols are crucial diesel fuel replacements. Alcohols have a high volatility but a low calorific value and cetane number, which is a gauge of the quality of the combustion in a diesel engine. Vegetable oils, on the other hand, have comparable cetane numbers and calorific values. However, they are both highly viscous and quite stable. Plastic oil, which can be produced from waste materials using a process called pyrolysis and has qualities that are similar to those of diesel fuel, is an excellent substitute for diesel fuel. Plastic oil, however, has a high viscosity. The plastic oil was supplemented with diethyl ether (DEE) in the recommended quantity (15%) to lower viscosity and increase cetane number. These viscous fuels can be burned efficiently in semi-adiabatic diesel engines or low heat rejection engines (SADE). The goal of SADE is to create hot combustion chambers appropriate for burning highly viscous fuels by minimising heat loss to the coolant. The SADE's powerplant was air gap insulated. If the architecture of the combustion chamber was altered from a standard combustion chamber to an insulated combustion chamber, it is important to determine or assess the combustion characteristics of the test fuels. This report's objective was to identify the combustion characteristics of peak pressure (PP), time of peak pressure (TOPP), and maximum rate of pressure rise (MRPR) during full load operation of the engine using both versions of the engine, such as conventional engine (CE) and SADE with and without supercharging and with different injection timing. Supercharging is the process of adding more (oxygen) air at a high pressure to the engine's inlet manifold in order to increase engine output. The TDC (top dead centre) encoder was linked to the extended portion of the extended shaft of the dynamometer, and the piezoelectric transducer was connected to the top portion of the cylinder head. The TDC encoder and transducer were both attached to the console. The console transforms the magnetic signal from the TDC encoder and the pressure signal from the transducer into an electric signal that is fed to the computer. When operating at full load, the computer reads the combustion parameter data. An electronic sensor was used to change the injection timing. SADE's enhanced injection time improved the combustion characteristics at full load operation.

Author(s) Details:

Aditya Seshu Machiraju,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osmania University, India.

M. V. S. Murali Krishna,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, India.

P. Ushasri,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V1/article/view/8179

Investigations on Exhaust Emissions of a Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine with Alternative Fuels | Chapter 11 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 6

 The search for alternative fuels has become necessary in light of the rapid depletion of conventional fuels. Because they are renewable, alcohols and vegetable oils are important diesel substitutes. Vegetable oils have a calorific value and cetane number that are comparable to diesel fuel. Alcohols have the advantage of having a high volatility and having oxygen in their chemical structure or makeup. Vegetable oils, on the other hand, have the disadvantages of high viscosity and moderate volatility. Alcohols have a low cetane number (a measure of the quality of combustion in a diesel engine) and a poor calorific value. As a result, vegetable oils and alcohols necessitate a diesel engine with a low heat rejection (LHR). It can solve the problem of vegetable oils and alcohols combusting. Exhaust emissions from various variants of low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engines, such as the LHR-1 engine (ceramic coated engine), LHR-2 engine (air gap insulated engine), and LHR-3 engine (combination of LHR-1 and LHR-2 engine) using carbureted butanol and unrefined jatropha oil, were investigated (CJO). As a result, the benefits of vegetable oil and alcohol can be used to reduce engine pollution. At full load operation, exhaust emissions of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and aldehydes from several LHR engine designs were measured. a traditional engine (CE). Particulate matter and NOx were measured using an AVL Smoke metre and a Netel Chromatograph NOx analyzer, respectively, at full load operation. At full load operation, aldehydes such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were assessed using a wet approach known as the dinitrophenyle (DNPH) method. With carbureted butanol, LHR variants of the engine reduced exhaust pollutants significantly. In different variants of the engine, increasing the injection pressure reduced emissions even more.

Author(s) Details

Dr. M. V. S. Murali Krishna
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Dr. V. V. R. Seshagiri Rao
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Dr. R. P. Chowdary
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Dr. N. Janardhan
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Mr. N. Venkateswara Rao
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

Dr. T. Ratna Reddy
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075, Telangana State, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V6/article/view/2837

Study on Isolation and Characterization of Lipid-Degrading Bacteria in Wastewater of Food Processing Plants and Restaurants in Can Tho City, Vietnam | Chapter 6 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 12

 In biological wastewater treatment systems, high lipid (fats and oils) concentrations induce clogged drain pipes and limit the action of bacteria. The potential of lipid-degrading bacteria to degrade lipids was examined for use in the treatment of lipid-contaminated wastewater. On LB medium, 43 vegetable oil-contaminated wastewater samples from several food processing companies and restaurants in five districts of CanTho city, Vietnam yielded 102 bacterial isolates. On Tw20 medium, 61 of the isolates produced clear zones. 11 of the 61 bacterial isolates generated substantial halos, indicating that they had the capability to degrade vegetable oil in contaminated wastewater. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to identify these 11 baterial isolates. BLAT N software was used to compare the DNA sequencing findings to the NCBI's GenBank database. The DNA sequences of a few isolates were found to be very similar to the GenBank references (between 97 percent and 99 percent ). Bacilli were found in two isolates (18.18 percent) while Gammaproteobacteria were found in nine isolates (81.82 percent ). Gammaproteobacteria had the greatest Theta values based on Pi (nucleotide diversity). For each group, theta value (per sequence) from S of SNP for DNA polymorphism was computed, and the 11 lipid-degrading strains possessed a lot of genetic variety. Because of its strong ability to degrade lipids and biosafety, the results suggested Acinetobacteria soli strain AL3 as a promising bioproduct for wastewater treatment.

Author (S) Details

Ngo Thanh Phong
College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Vietnam.

Bui The Vinh
CanTho Dairy Factory, Vietnam.

Cao Ngoc Diep
Biotechnology R&D Institute, Can Tho University, Vietnam.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V12/article/view/2598